сапог
Russian
Alternative forms
- сапо́гъ (sapóg) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic сапогъ (sapogŭ). Obscure etymology:
- Per Vasmer, from сопе́ть (sopétʹ) + -ог (-og), compare сопе́ль (sopélʹ) 'wind instrument', 'pipe'. The modern Russian сапо́г means shoes with a high top, what explains the similarity with the pipe. This etymology encounters phonetic difficulties if we take into account сопе́ть (sopet') as a source, because Old East Slavic or Old Church Slavonic don't have the form *сопогъ.
- Per Menges, Vahros and Trubachyov, from Turkic languages, compare Proto-Turkic *sараɣ-, *sарuɣ- 'shafted shoes', modern Turkic sap 'stem'. This etymology has the same phonetic problems as Vasmer's etymology. In this case, it should be *сопагъ (compare това́р (továr) from Turkic tavar or колпа́к (kolpák) from Turkic kalpak) or *сопугъ[1]. Semantic difficulties also arise, in Old Church Slavonic it means 'sandals', 'shoes with tops no higher than the ankles', Turkic source originally suggests high-top shoes[2].
- Per Lvov, from *sapati 'to tie, to bind'. According to Lvov and Semyonov, the original meaning is 'puttee, shoes, sandals'[3][4], compare dialectal сап (sap) 'fetters', colloquial заса́пить (zasápitʹ) 'tie in a knot'. In this case сапо́г from сап (sap) + -ог (-og).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɐˈpok]
Audio (file)
Noun
сапо́г • (sapóg) m inan (genitive сапога́, nominative plural сапоги́, genitive plural сапо́г, related adjective сапо́жный)
- boot
- боло́тные сапоги́ ― bolótnyje sapogí ― waders (high waterproof boots)
Declension
Declension of сапо́г (inan masc-form velar-stem accent-b irreg)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | сапо́г sapóg | сапоги́ sapogí |
| genitive | сапога́ sapogá | сапо́г△ sapóg△ |
| dative | сапогу́ sapogú | сапога́м sapogám |
| accusative | сапо́г sapóg | сапоги́ sapogí |
| instrumental | сапого́м sapogóm | сапога́ми sapogámi |
| prepositional | сапоге́ sapogé | сапога́х sapogáx |
△ Irregular.
Related terms
- сапо́жник (sapóžnik, “cobbler, shoemaker”)
Descendants
- → Armenian: սապոգ (sapog)
- → Kildin Sami: са̄һпе (sāhp’e)
- Kurdish:
- → Northern Kurdish: sapok, sapong
- → Yup'ik: cap'akiq
See also
- башма́к (bašmák)
- боти́нок (botínok)
References
- https://www.ruslang.ru/doc/etymology/1967/19-l'vov.pdf
- https://www.ruslang.ru/doc/etymology/1967/19-l'vov.pdf
- Izmail Sreznevsky. Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language on the Basis of Written Records.
- https://www.ruslang.ru/doc/etymology/1967/19-l'vov.pdf
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “сапог”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress