пищя
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *piščati, of onomatopoeic origin. Synchronically equivalent to пи́сък (písǎk, “scream, shriek”) + -я (-ja).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [piˈʃtʲɤ̟]
Verb
пищя́ • (pištjá) impf
- (intransitive) to yelp, to scream
- → (in exaggerated context) to rumble, to clamour
- (of bird) to shrill, to shriek, to squeal (to make sharp vibrant call)
- (figuratively) to whistle, to whoosh
- вя́търът пищи́ ― vjátǎrǎt piští ― the wind swooshes
- (by extention) to ring, to resonate
- ня́кому у́шите пищя́т (used to describe tinnitus) ― njákomu úšite pištját ― literally: one's ears resonate
Conjugation
Conjugation of пищя́ (conjugation 2.2, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | пищя́щ pištjášt | пищя́л pištjál | пищя́л pištjál | — | пище́йки pištéjki | |
| definite subject form | пищя́щият pištjáštijat | пище́лият pištélijat | — | — | |||
| definite object form | пищя́щия pištjáštija | пище́лия pištélija | — | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | пищя́ща pištjášta | пищя́ла pištjála | пищя́ла pištjála | — | ||
| definite | пищя́щата pištjáštata | пищя́лата pištjálata | — | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | пищя́що pištjášto | пищя́ло pištjálo | пищя́ло pištjálo | — | пище́не pišténe | |
| definite | пищя́щото pištjáštoto | пищя́лото pištjáloto | — | — | пище́нето pišténeto | ||
| plural | indefinite | пищя́щи pištjášti | пище́ли pištéli | пище́ли pištéli | — | пище́ния, пище́нета pišténija, pišténeta | |
| definite | пищя́щите pištjáštite | пище́лите pištélite | — | — | пище́нията, пище́нетата pišténijata, pišténetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | пищя́ pištjá | пищи́ш pištíš | пищи́ piští | пищи́м pištím | пищи́те pištíte | пищя́т pištját | |
| imperfect | пищя́х pištjáh | пище́ше pištéše | пище́ше pištéše | пищя́хме pištjáhme | пищя́хте pištjáhte | пищя́ха pištjáha | |
| aorist | пищя́х pištjáh | пищя́ pištjá | пищя́ pištjá | пищя́хме pištjáhme | пищя́хте pištjáhte | пищя́ха pištjáha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пищя́л m, пищя́ла f, пищя́ло n, or пище́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| пищи́ piští | пище́те pištéte | ||||||
Derived terms
- изпищя́ pf (izpištjá), изпищя́вам impf (izpištjávam)
- запищя́ pf (zapištjá), запищя́вам impf (zapištjávam)
- напищя́ се pf (napištjá se), напищя́вам се impf (napištjávam se)
- опищя́ pf (opištjá), опищя́вам impf (opištjávam)
- пропищя́ pf (propištjá), пропищя́вам impf (propištjávam)
- припищя́ pf (pripištjá), припищя́вам impf (pripištjávam)
- разпищя́ се pf (razpištjá se), разпищя́вам се impf (razpištjávam se)
- пищи́сам (pištísam, “to astound”) (expressive)
- пища́ч (pištáč) (agent noun)
- пище́ (pišté, “sparrow”) (dialectal)
- пища́ва (pištáva, “shrill, scream”) (dialectal)
- пи́щов (píštov, “pistol”) (morphologically)
- пищя́л (pištjál, “shinbone”)
Related terms
- пи́скам impf (pískam), писвам impf (pisvam), писна pf (pisna, “to screech, yelp”)
- пиу́кам (piúkam, “to chirp, to peep (of young bird)”), пису́кам (pisúkam, “to shrill (of animal)”)
References
- пищя in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- пищя in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editors (1996), “пищя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 280
- Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1901), “пищѭ́, -и́шь; -щѣ́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 36