паляниця
Ukrainian
паляни́ця
Etymology
Inherited from Old Ruthenian палени́ца (palenícʲa)[1]. Analyzable as пали́ти (palýty, “to burn”) + -е- (-e-) + -ниця (-nycja)[2].
Cognate with dialectal Belarusian паляні́ца (paljaníca), палени́ца (palenýca)[3] and archaic Russian палени́ца (paleníca), пеляни́ца (peljaníca), пелени́ца (peleníca)[4].
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɐlʲɐˈnɪt͡sʲɐ]
Audio (file)
Noun
паляни́ця • (paljanýcja) f inan (genitive паляни́ці, nominative plural паляни́ці, genitive plural паляни́ць)
- a type of Ukrainian hearth-baked bread
Usage notes
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, this word was famously used as a shibboleth by Ukrainians to identify enemy saboteurs. People from Russia struggle to pronounce it correctly, usually producing something like [pəlʲɪˈnʲitsə] on their first try, with the stressed /i/ being an especially noticeable mistake.
Declension
Declension of паляни́ця (inan soft fem-form accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | паляни́ця paljanýcja | паляни́ці paljanýci |
| genitive | паляни́ці paljanýci | паляни́ць paljanýcʹ |
| dative | паляни́ці paljanýci | паляни́цям paljanýcjam |
| accusative | паляни́цю paljanýcju | паляни́ці paljanýci |
| instrumental | паляни́цею paljanýceju | паляни́цями paljanýcjamy |
| locative | паляни́ці paljanýci | паляни́цях paljanýcjax |
| vocative | паляни́це paljanýce | паляни́ці paljanýci |
Alternative forms
- палани́ця (palanýcja) (dialectal), палени́ця (palenýcja) (obsolete)
See also
- Appendix:List of shibboleths
References
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (2003), “паленица”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 23 (осударский – паписта), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 396
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “паляни́ця”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 270
- Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1993), “паляні́ца”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volume 8 (не́марач – пая́ць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, →ISBN
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “палени́ца”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Further reading
- Zhelekhivskyi, E. I., Nedilskyi, S., editors (1886), “палени́ця, палани́ця”, in Малоруско-нїмецкий словар [Ukrainian-German Dictionary] (in German), volume 2: П – Я, Lviv: Shevchenko Society, page 597
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1924), “паляни́ця”, in Словарь української мови [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), volume 2: О – Я, Berlin: Ukrainske Slowo, page 94
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “паляни́ця”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2021), “паляни́ця”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 12 (п – підку́рювач), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “паляни́ця”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “паляни́ця”, in Словник.ua [Slovnik.ua] (in Ukrainian)
- “паляни́ця”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)