око
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [oˈkɔ]
Noun
око́ • (okó) n (related adjective о́чен)
- (anatomy) eye
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | око́ okó | очи́ očí |
| definite | око́то okóto | очи́те očíte |
Macedonian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɔkɔ]
Audio (file)
Noun
око • (oko) n (plural очи, related adjective очен, diminutive окце or оче)
- (anatomy) eye
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | око | очи |
| definite unspecified | окото | очите |
| definite proximal | оково | очиве |
| definite distal | оконо | очине |
| vocative | око | очи |
Old Church Slavonic
Alternative forms
- Glagolitic: ⱁⰽⱁ (oko)
- ꙩко (oko) (with monocular o) (with ꙫчи (oči) (dual with binocular o) and ꙭчи (oči) (dual with double monocular o))
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ȍko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Noun
око • (oko) n
- (anatomy) eye
- vision, sight
Declension
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | око oko | очи oči | очеса očesa |
| Accusative | око oko | очи oči | очеса očesa |
| Genitive | очесе, ока očese, oka | очью, очию očĭju, očiju | очесъ očesŭ |
| Locative | очесе, оцѣ, очеси očese, ocě, očesi | очью, очию očĭju, očiju | очесьхъ očesĭxŭ |
| Dative | очеси, окоу očesi, oku | очима očima | очесьмъ očesĭmŭ |
| Instrumental | очесьмь, окомь očesĭmĭ, okomĭ | очима očima | очесꙑ očesy |
| Vocative | око oko | очи oči | очеса očesa |
The singular takes o-stem or s-stem endings, the dual takes mostly i-stem endings, and the plural takes s-stem endings. Halla-aho considers the dual forms a remnant of an original i-stem which later became an s-stem, but Derksen reconstructs the Proto-Slavic form as an o-stem instead.
See also
- многоочитый, многоꙮчитїи (mnogoočityj, mnogoočitii) (ꙮ (o))
References
- Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “око”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk
- Hauptova Z., editor (1958–1997), “око”, in Slovník jazyka staroslověnského (Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae), Prague: Euroslavica
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki
Old East Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃ekʷ-.
Noun
око (oko) n
- eye
Descendants
- Old Ruthenian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
- Belarusian: во́ка (vóka); о́ко (óko), ако́ (akó) (dialectal)
- Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
- Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko); го́ко (hóko) (dialectal)
- Russian: о́ко (óko) (dated, archaic); во́ка (vóka) (dialectal)
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “око”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 642
Old Ruthenian
Alternative forms
- во́ко (vóko)
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic о́ко (óko), from Proto-Slavic *ȍko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃ekʷ-.
Noun
о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive plural о́чи)
- eye
- sight, look
Descendants
- Belarusian: во́ка (vóka); о́ко (óko), ако́ (akó) (dialectal)
- Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
- Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko); го́ко (hóko) (dialectal)
Further reading
- Tymchenko, E. K., editor (1930), “воко; око”, in Історичний словник українського язика [Historical Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1, issue 1 (А – Г), Kharkiv, Kyiv: St. Publ. House of Ukraine, page 294
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “*око¹”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 78
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (2002), “око, воко”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 22 (оддыханье – ость), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 136
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1997), “воко; око”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), issue 4 (весь – вправѣ), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 197
- Tymchenko, E. K. (2003), “око”, in Nimchuk, V. V., editor, Матеріали до словника писемної та книжної української мови XV–XVIII ст. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of the 15ᵗʰ–18ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (О – Я), Kyiv, New York: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., →ISBN, page 32
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic око (oko), from Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈokə]
Noun
о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чи*, genitive plural оче́й*) (* о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.)
- (dated or poetic or literary) eye (used in proverbs and expressions)
- Synonym: (a more common term) глаз m (glaz)
- о́чи чёрные ― óči čórnyje ― dark eyes
- Ви́дито́ко, да зу́б неймёт. ― Vídit óko, da zúb nejmjót. ― The eye sees (it) but the tooth cannot take it.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | о́ко óko | о́чи△* óči△* |
| genitive | о́ка óka | оче́й△* očéj△* |
| dative | о́ку óku | оча́м△* očám△* |
| accusative | о́ко óko | о́чи△* óči△* |
| instrumental | о́ком ókom | оча́ми△* očámi△* |
| prepositional | о́ке óke | оча́х△* očáx△* |
△ Irregular.
* о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | о́ко óko | о́чи△ óči△ |
| genitive | о́ка óka | оче́й△ očéj△ |
| dative | о́ку óku | оча́мъ△ očám△ |
| accusative | о́ко óko | о́чи△ óči△ |
| instrumental | о́комъ ókom | оча́ми△ očámi△ |
| prepositional | о́кѣ ókě | оча́хъ△ očáx△ |
△ Irregular.
Related terms
- о́чный (óčnyj)
- зао́чный (zaóčnyj)
- очеви́дный (očevídnyj)
Rusyn
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Noun
око • (oko)
- (anatomy) eye
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ôko/
- Hyphenation: о‧ко
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Noun
о̏ко n (Latin spelling ȍko)
- (anatomy) eye
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | о̏ко | о̏чи |
| genitive | о̏ка | о̀чијӯ |
| dative | оку | очима |
| accusative | око | очи |
| vocative | око | очи |
| locative | оку | очима |
| instrumental | оком | очима |
Preposition
о̏ко (Latin spelling ȍko) (+ genitive case)
- around
- about
- approximately
- Заплијењено је око 45 кг. ― Approximately 45 kg was seized.
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɔkɔ]
Audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.
Noun
о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чі, genitive plural оче́й)
- eye
Usage notes
Notice that the irregular plural is an old dual form.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | о́ко óko | о́чі óči |
| genitive | о́ка óka | оче́й očéj |
| dative | о́ку óku | оча́м očám |
| accusative | о́ко óko | о́чі, ві́чі óči, víči |
| instrumental | о́ком ókom | очи́ма očýma |
| locative | о́ці óci | оча́х očáx |
| vocative | о́ко óko | о́чі óči |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوقه.
Noun
о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́ка, genitive plural ок or вік)
- (archaic) oka: A unit of weight, approximately 1.2 kg.
- (archaic) oka: A measure for alcoholic beverages, approximately 1-1.5 liters.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | о́ко óko | о́ка óka |
| genitive | о́ка óka | ок, вік ok, vik |
| dative | о́кові, о́ку ókovi, óku | о́кам ókam |
| accusative | о́ко óko | о́ка óka |
| instrumental | о́ком ókom | о́ками ókamy |
| locative | о́ку óku | о́ках ókax |
| vocative | о́ко óko | о́ка óka |
Further reading
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “о́ко”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 170
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “о́ко”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “око”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2022), “око”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 1–13 (а – покі́рно), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN