barr
See also: Barr, barr-, bàrr, bárr, bärr, and Bärr
English
Etymology
From French barrir (“to trumpet; to make the sound of an elephant”), from Old French barrire, from Late Latin barriō, from Latin barrus (“elephant”).
Verb
barr (third-person singular simple present barrs, present participle barring, simple past and past participle barred)
- (obsolete) To make the sound of an elephant.
- 1737, Rabelais, François, Thomas Urquhart, transl.,(Please provide the book title or journal name):
- He gave us also the example of the Philosopher, who, when he thought most seriously to have withdrawn himself unto a solitary Privacy, far from the rufling Clutterments of the tumultuous and confused World, the better to improve his Theory, to contrive, comment, and ratiocinate, was, notwithstanding his uttermost Endeavours to free himself from all untowards Noises, surrounded and environ'd about so with the barking of Curs, howling of Wolves, neighing of Horses, bleating of Sheep, barring of Elephants, hissing of Serpents, braying of Asses, chirping of Grasshoppers, cooing of Turtles […]
-
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse barr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /parː/
- Rhymes: -arː
Noun
barr n (genitive singular barrs, no plural)
- pine needles
Declension
declension of barr
| n-s | singular | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | barr | barrið |
| accusative | barr | barrið |
| dative | barri | barrinu |
| genitive | barrs | barrsins |
Derived terms
- barrfinka (“siskin”)
- barrskógur
- barrspæta (“great spotted woodpecker”)
- barrtré (“conifer”)
- barrviður
Irish
Alternative forms
- bárr (obsolete)
Pronunciation
- (Munster, Connacht) IPA(key): /bˠɑːɾˠ/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /bˠaːɾˠ/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish barr (“top, tip, end; crop, produce”), from Proto-Celtic *barros (compare Middle Welsh barr), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-.
Noun
barr m (genitive singular bairr or barr, nominative plural barra)
- tip, head, point
- top; summit
- upper part
- surface
- coating; cream, scum
- (agriculture) crop, cut, yield
- yield, result
- addition, excess
- superiority
- extremity
- (of wavelength) crest
Declension
Declension of barr
First declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
- Alternative declension
Declension of barr
Fourth declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
- ar barr do ghoib
- ar barr do theanga
- ar bharr
- bain barr de
- barr-
- barraicín-
- barr ar
- barr bua
- barr cátha
- barr láin
- barr margaidh
- barr taoide
- beir barr
- bun agus barr
- bun barr
- cé dhá bharr
- dá bharr
- dá bharr sin
- de bharr
- de bharr ar
- de bharr go
- dul i mbarr
- i mbarr d'anama
- i mbarr do chéille
- ó bhun go barr
- príomhbharr
- tabhair ar barr
- tabhair barr
- thar barr
- thar barr amach
- uchtbharr
Related terms
- cafarr (“helmet, headpiece; kerchief”)
Verb
barr (present analytic barrann, future analytic barrfaidh, verbal noun barradh, past participle barrtha)
- (transitive) top; surpass
- (transitive, of nail) clinch
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | barraim | barrann tú; barrair† | barrann sé, sí | barraimid | barrann sibh | barrann siad; barraid† | a bharrann; a bharras / a mbarrann*; a mbarras* | barrtar |
| past | bharr mé; bharras | bharr tú; bharrais | bharr sé, sí | bharramar; bharr muid | bharr sibh; bharrabhair | bharr siad; bharradar | a bharr / ar bharr* | barradh | |
| past habitual | bharrainn / mbarrainn‡‡ | bharrtá / mbarrtᇇ | bharradh sé, sí / mbarradh sé, s퇇 | bharraimis; bharradh muid / mbarraimis‡‡; mbarradh muid‡‡ | bharradh sibh / mbarradh sibh‡‡ | bharraidís; bharradh siad / mbarraidís‡‡; mbarradh siad‡‡ | a bharradh / a mbarradh* | bharrtaí / mbarrta퇇 | |
| future | barrfaidh mé; barrfad | barrfaidh tú; barrfair† | barrfaidh sé, sí | barrfaimid; barrfaidh muid | barrfaidh sibh | barrfaidh siad; barrfaid† | a bharrfaidh; a bharrfas / a mbarrfaidh*; a mbarrfas* | barrfar | |
| conditional | bharrfainn / mbarrfainn‡‡ | bharrfá / mbarrfᇇ | bharrfadh sé, sí / mbarrfadh sé, s퇇 | bharrfaimis; bharrfadh muid / mbarrfaimis‡‡; mbarrfadh muid‡‡ | bharrfadh sibh / mbarrfadh sibh‡‡ | bharrfaidís; bharrfadh siad / mbarrfaidís‡‡; mbarrfadh siad‡‡ | a bharrfadh / a mbarrfadh* | bharrfaí / mbarrfa퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go mbarra mé; go mbarrad† | go mbarra tú; go mbarrair† | go mbarra sé, sí | go mbarraimid; go mbarra muid | go mbarra sibh | go mbarra siad; go mbarraid† | — | go mbarrtar |
| past | dá mbarrainn | dá mbarrtá | dá mbarradh sé, sí | dá mbarraimis; dá mbarradh muid | dá mbarradh sibh | dá mbarraidís; dá mbarradh siad | — | dá mbarrtaí | |
| imperative | barraim | barr | barradh sé, sí | barraimis | barraigí; barraidh† | barraidís | — | barrtar | |
| verbal noun | barradh | ||||||||
| past participle | barrtha | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Etymology 2
From Old French barre, barrer. Compare English bar.
Noun
barr m (genitive singular bairr)
- bar, hindrance
Declension
Declension of barr
First declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Verb
barr (present analytic barrann, future analytic barrfaidh, verbal noun barradh, past participle barrtha)
- (transitive) bar, hinder
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | barraim | barrann tú; barrair† | barrann sé, sí | barraimid | barrann sibh | barrann siad; barraid† | a bharrann; a bharras / a mbarrann*; a mbarras* | barrtar |
| past | bharr mé; bharras | bharr tú; bharrais | bharr sé, sí | bharramar; bharr muid | bharr sibh; bharrabhair | bharr siad; bharradar | a bharr / ar bharr* | barradh | |
| past habitual | bharrainn / mbarrainn‡‡ | bharrtá / mbarrtᇇ | bharradh sé, sí / mbarradh sé, s퇇 | bharraimis; bharradh muid / mbarraimis‡‡; mbarradh muid‡‡ | bharradh sibh / mbarradh sibh‡‡ | bharraidís; bharradh siad / mbarraidís‡‡; mbarradh siad‡‡ | a bharradh / a mbarradh* | bharrtaí / mbarrta퇇 | |
| future | barrfaidh mé; barrfad | barrfaidh tú; barrfair† | barrfaidh sé, sí | barrfaimid; barrfaidh muid | barrfaidh sibh | barrfaidh siad; barrfaid† | a bharrfaidh; a bharrfas / a mbarrfaidh*; a mbarrfas* | barrfar | |
| conditional | bharrfainn / mbarrfainn‡‡ | bharrfá / mbarrfᇇ | bharrfadh sé, sí / mbarrfadh sé, s퇇 | bharrfaimis; bharrfadh muid / mbarrfaimis‡‡; mbarrfadh muid‡‡ | bharrfadh sibh / mbarrfadh sibh‡‡ | bharrfaidís; bharrfadh siad / mbarrfaidís‡‡; mbarrfadh siad‡‡ | a bharrfadh / a mbarrfadh* | bharrfaí / mbarrfa퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go mbarra mé; go mbarrad† | go mbarra tú; go mbarrair† | go mbarra sé, sí | go mbarraimid; go mbarra muid | go mbarra sibh | go mbarra siad; go mbarraid† | — | go mbarrtar |
| past | dá mbarrainn | dá mbarrtá | dá mbarradh sé, sí | dá mbarraimis; dá mbarradh muid | dá mbarradh sibh | dá mbarraidís; dá mbarradh siad | — | dá mbarrtaí | |
| imperative | barraim | barr | barradh sé, sí | barraimis | barraigí; barraidh† | barraidís | — | barrtar | |
| verbal noun | barradh | ||||||||
| past participle | barrtha | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| barr | bharr | mbarr |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “barr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 barr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “barr” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “barr” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 56
Maltese
| Root |
|---|
| b-r-r |
| 3 terms |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /barr/
Etymology 1
From Arabic بَرّ (barr).
Noun
barr m
- wilderness
Etymology 2
Onomatopoeic.
Verb
barr (imperfect jborr)
- to coo (make a coo sound)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of barr | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| perfect | m | barrejt | barrejt | barr | barrejna | barrejtu | barrew | |
| f | barret | |||||||
| imperfect | m | nborr | tborr | jborr | nborru | tborru | jborru | |
| f | tborr | |||||||
| imperative | borr | borru | ||||||
Middle Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *barros (compare Irish barr), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bar/
Noun
barr m (plural barriau)
- top
- summit, crest
Descendants
- Welsh: bar
Mutation
| Middle Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Soft | Nasal | Aspirate |
| barr | uarr / varr | marr | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *baraz.
Noun
barr n
- acicular leaves, needles (of the fir or pine)
- barley
Derived terms
- barraxlaðr (“high-shouldered, with sharp, prominent shoulderbones”)
- barrviðr (“pine-forrest; the wood of the fir”)
Descendants
- Icelandic: barr
- Faroese: barr
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bar
- Old Swedish: bar
- Swedish: barr
References
- “barr”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Entry "barr" on page 43 in: Geir T. Zoëga "A Concise Dictionary of Old Islandic", Oxford at the Claredon Press (1910).
Romani
Alternative forms
- bar
- bař (Pan-Vlax)
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit *वर्त (varta, “round stone”).[1][2]
Noun
barr m (nominative plural barra)
- (International Standard) stone[2][3], rock[3]
Derived terms
- barrorro
- barrutno
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*varta3”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 661
- Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “bař”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 22b
- Marcel Courthiade (2009), “o barr, -es- m. -a, -en-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 75ab
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse barr.
Noun
barr n
- needle; leaf of a coniferous tree
- (dated, slang, uncountable) hair
Declension
| Declension of barr | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | barr | barret | barr | barren |
| Genitive | barrs | barrets | barrs | barrens |
Related terms
- barra
- granbarr
- tallbarr
See also
- burr
Noun
barr c
- (gymnastics) parallel bars
Declension
| Declension of barr | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | barr | barren | barrar | barrarna |
| Genitive | barrs | barrens | barrars | barrarnas |
Further reading
- barr in Svensk ordbok.