обида
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [oˈbidə]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *obvida, most likely synchronically representing an action/result noun of об- (ob-) + ви́дя (vídja, “to see”) + -а (-a, abstraction suffix) (cf. Old Church Slavonic обидѣти (obiděti, “to disrespect”)). Meaning probably developed via semantic shift “overlooking, watching in another direction” → “disrespect” → “unfair attitude, insult”.
Noun
оби́да • (obída) f (related adjective оби́ден)
- offence, insult, slander (scornful remark or attitude)
- Synonyms: ху́ла (húla), напа́дка (napádka)
- feeling of resentment, indignation (from being insulted)
- Synonym: оскърбле́ние (oskǎrblénie)
Declension
Declension of оби́да
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | оби́да obída | оби́ди obídi |
| definite | оби́дата obídata | оби́дите obídite |
Derived terms
- оби́дя pf (obídja), оби́ждам impf (obíždam, “to insult”)
- обидчи́в (obidčív, “easily offended”)
Related terms
- зави́дя (zavídja)
- за́вист (závist, “envy”)
- ненави́дя (nenavídja)
- нена́вист (nenávist, “detest, despise”)
- сви́дя се (svídja se)
- сви́дост (svídost, “stinginess, holding [smth] dearly”)
References
- обида in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- обида in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
- Georgiev V. I., Duridanov I., editor (1995), “обида¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 741
- обида in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
Etymology 2
From об- (ob-) + и́да (ída, “to come”) (cf. Old Church Slavonic обити (obiti, “to go around”)).
Verb
оби́да • (obída) pf (imperfective оби́ждам or оби́двам) (dialectal)
- (transitive) to visit around, to come by, to circumfer
- възнамеря́вам даоби́да ... ― vǎznamerjávam da obída ... ― to intend to visit around / take a tour over ...
- (by extension) to come across, to stumble upon, to encounter (while going around)
- Synonyms: наобиколя́ (naobikoljá), спохо́дя (spohódja)
Conjugation
Conjugation of оби́да (conjugation 1.1, irregular, perfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | — | оби́шъл, обишъ́л, оби́шел1 obíšǎl, obišǎ́l, obíšel1 | оби́дел obídel | — | — | |
| definite subject form | — | оби́шлият, обишли́ят obíšlijat, obišlíjat | — | — | |||
| definite object form | — | оби́шлия, обишли́я obíšlija, obišlíja | — | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | — | оби́шла, обишла́ obíšla, obišlá | оби́дела obídela | — | ||
| definite | — | оби́шлата, обишла́та obíšlata, obišláta | — | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | — | оби́шло, обишло́ obíšlo, obišló | оби́дело obídelo | — | — | |
| definite | — | оби́шлото, обишло́то obíšloto, obišlóto | — | — | — | ||
| plural | indefinite | — | оби́шли, обишли́ obíšli, obišlí | оби́дели obídeli | — | — | |
| definite | — | оби́шлите, обишли́те obíšlite, obišlíte | — | — | — | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | оби́да obída | оби́деш obídeš | оби́де obíde | оби́дем obídem | оби́дете obídete | оби́дат obídat | |
| imperfect | оби́дех obídeh | оби́деше obídeše | оби́деше obídeše | оби́дехме obídehme | оби́дехте obídehte | оби́деха obídeha | |
| aorist | оби́дох obídoh | оби́де obíde | оби́де obíde | оби́дохме obídohme | оби́дохте obídohte | оби́доха obídoha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| обиди́ obidí | обиде́те obidéte | ||||||
1Dialectal.
References
- обиждам², обида (диал.) in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- Georgiev V. I., Duridanov I., editor (1995), “обиждам², обидя, обида (диал.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 742
- обити in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *obvida, from *obviděti, from *ob- + *viděti.
Noun
обида • (obida) f
- offence, insult, injustice
- from Codex Marianus, 3062800:
- Благословите клънѫщѧѩ вꙑ · молите сѧ за творѧштѧѩ вамъ обидѫ ·
- Blagoslovite klŭnǫštęję vy · molite sę za tvoręštęję vamŭ obidǫ ·
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- from Codex Marianus, 3062800:
- resentment (feeling); grudges
Declension
Declension of обида (hard a-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | обида obida | обидѣ obidě | обидꙑ obidy |
| Accusative | обидѫ obidǫ | обидѣ obidě | обидꙑ obidy |
| Genitive | обидꙑ obidy | обидоу obidu | обидъ obidŭ |
| Locative | обидѣ obidě | обидоу obidu | обидахъ obidaxŭ |
| Dative | обидѣ obidě | обидама obidama | обидамъ obidamŭ |
| Instrumental | обидоѭ obidojǫ | обидама obidama | обидами obidami |
| Vocative | обидо obido | обидѣ obidě | обидꙑ obidy |
Derived terms
- обидьливъ (obidĭlivŭ)
- обидьливьство (obidĭlivĭstvo)
- обидѣние (obiděnie)
- обидѣти (obiděti)
- прѣобидѣние (prěobiděnie)
- прѣобидѣти (prěobiděti)
- оуобидѣти (uobiděti)
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obvida, from *obviděti, from *ob- + *viděti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɐˈbʲidə]
Audio (file)
Noun
оби́да • (obída) f inan (genitive оби́ды, nominative plural оби́ды, genitive plural оби́д)
- resentment (feeling), offense; grudges
- безоби́д ― bez obíd ― no offense
- hurt, grievance
Declension
Declension of оби́да (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | оби́да obída | оби́ды obídy |
| genitive | оби́ды obídy | оби́д obíd |
| dative | оби́де obíde | оби́дам obídam |
| accusative | оби́ду obídu | оби́ды obídy |
| instrumental | оби́дой, оби́дою obídoj, obídoju | оби́дами obídami |
| prepositional | оби́де obíde | оби́дах obídax |