bardo
See also: Bardo and bardò
English
WOTD – 2 December 2017
Etymology
Folios 35 and 67 of a manuscript of the Bardo Thodol (Liberation through Hearing during the Intermediate State),[1] often known in the West as the Tibetan Book of the Dead. The text is intended as a guide through the after-death experiences that a person’s consciousness has in the bardo.
Borrowed from Tibetan བར་དོ (bar do), from བར (bar, “interval”) + དོ (do, “two”),[2] in the sense of an interval between two states.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbɑːdəʊ/
Audio (RP) (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈbɑɹdoʊ/
- Hyphenation: bar‧do
Noun
bardo (plural bardos)
- (Tibetan Buddhism) The state of existence between death and subsequent reincarnation.
- 1863, Emil Schlagintweit, “Details Characteristic of the Religion of the People”, in Buddhism in Tibet: Illustrated by Literary Documents and Objects of Religious Worship. With an Account of the Buddhist Systems Preceding It in India. [...] With a Folio Atlas of Twenty Plates and Twenty Tables of Native Print in the Text, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus; London: Trübner & Co., OCLC 4233749, page 109:
- According to the belief of the Tibetans, that is considered an untimely death, which, in opposition to the ordinary course of nature, is accelerated by evil spirits, such as Sringan, Dechad, Jungpo, and others. As a consequence of premature decease, the "Bardo," is prolongated. This is the middle state between the death and the new re-birth, which does not follow immediately, but there exists an interval, which is shorter for the good than for the bad. The prolongation of this intermediate state is considered as a punishment caused by evil spirits who have only power over sinful men.
- 1996, Victoria LePage, “The Perfection of the Shortest Path”, in Shambhala: The Fascinating Truth behind the Myth of Shangri-La, 1st Quest edition, Wheaton, Ill.: The Theosophical Publishing House, →ISBN, page 95:
- The soul's gradual progress to God in terms of a spiralling pathway up the side of the cosmic mountain, from one spiritual station to the next, is an image common to almost all of the world's mystical systems; but few mention the direct path from the base of the mountain straight up to the summit. Even the Bardo Thodol mentions the direct path only once, and then glancingly, confining itself solely to a description of the soul's circuitous afterlife journey through the heaven-worlds. The shortcut for heroes that bypasses the heaven-worlds or bardos and takes them straight to the divine world—in one lifetime, so it is said—is so well guarded in religious literature that the relevant Tibetan Buddhist texts are written in the "twilight language," a cipher that can be understood only with the help of revelation.
- 1998, Susanne Paolo, “Prologue”, in Bardo (The Brittingham Prize in Poetry), Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page xiii:
- The bardo in Tibetan means an intermediate state, most specifically the one after death when your soul wanders through the heavens and hell, trying to avoid rebirth into samsara—the realm of the material—and achieve nirvana or Buddhahood. […] Like everything the bardo journey takes place both inside you and outside. Like everything it's both a metaphor and not. I was born in the fifties in a nation suspended in the bardo state between a war a decade over and the hellsmoke light of a new war pulling in the East.
- 2014, C. J. Cala, “Babble On”, in Four Different Faces, [s.l.]: C. J. Cala, →ISBN, page 151:
- Possessing both omniprescence and omniscience, they now stared beyond the abyss of astral space—beyond the six bardos of Tibetan Buddhism—spreading their karmic seeds across the infinite coordinates of the cosmological Minkowski continuum.
- 2015, Evan Thompson, “Dying: What Happens when We Die?”, in Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 292:
- "Bardo," as noted, means in-between state. So whenever we're in between two states, no matter what the scale, we're in a bardo state. These two states could be living and dying or being awake and being asleep, but they could also be the just-past moment of thought and the moment to come. Thus "bardo" includes the gap between the cessation of one moment of thought and the arising of the next moment.
- 2015 January, Jan Jarboe Russell, “The All-American Camp”, in The Train to Crystal City: FDR’s Secret Prisoner Exchange Program and America’s only Family Internment Camp during World War II, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, →ISBN, page 233:
- For internees the war was experienced in exile. The Buddhists in Crystal City understood it as a bardo state—a provisional period between the lives before their confinement, and the dream of freedom after the war.
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Translations
state of existence between death and subsequent reincarnation
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References
- Published in Kazi Dawa Samdup, transl.; Marguerite La Fuente, transl. (1933), W[alter] Y[eeling] Evans-Wentz, editor, Bardo Thödol, le livre des morts tibétain, ou les expériences d'après la mort dans le plan du “Bardo”, suivant la version anglaise du lama Kazi Dawa Samdup, éditeé par [...] W. Y. Evans-Wentz, [...] Traduction française de Marguerite La Fuente, [...] [Bardo Thodol: The Tibetan Book of the Dead, or Experiences after Death in the Plan of “Bardo”, According to the English Version of the Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup, edited by [...] W. Y. Evans-Wentz, [...] French Translation by Marguerite La Fuente, [...]], Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, OCLC 458574851.
- “bardo”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
bardo on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- B road, Board, Borda, Broad, Broad., Broda, Dobra, abord, adorb, board, broad, dobra
Esperanto
Etymology
Ultimately from Latin bardus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbardo/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: bar‧do
Noun
bardo (accusative singular bardon, plural bardoj, accusative plural bardojn)
- bard
Galician
Etymology 1
From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbaɾðo̝/
Noun
bardo m (plural bardos)
- hedge; fence
- Synonyms: barda, bardal, sebe
Etymology 2
From Irish bard.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbaɾðo̝/
Noun
bardo m (plural bardos)
- poet (of a certain rank); bard
- Synonym: vate
References
- “bardo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “bardo” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbar.do/
- Rhymes: -ardo
- Hyphenation: bàr‧do
Etymology 1
From Latin bardus, from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *bardos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerdʰh₁ós, derived from the root *gʷerH- (“to praise”).
Noun
bardo m (plural bardi)
- bard (ancient Celtic poet and singer)
- (by extension) poet
- Synonyms: aedo, cantore, poeta, rapsodo, (literary) vate
Derived terms
- bardito
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
bardo
- first-person singular present indicative of bardare
Further reading
- bardo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Anagrams
- borda, brado, broda, rabdo-
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈbaːr.doː/, [ˈbäːrd̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈbar.do/, [ˈbärd̪o]
Adjective
bārdō
- dative/ablative singular masculine/neuter of bārdus
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈbar.doː/, [ˈbärd̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈbar.do/, [ˈbärd̪o]
Noun
bardō m
- dative/ablative singular of bardus
References
- bardo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “bardo”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *bьrdo.
Noun
bardo n
- comb (in a loom)
Further reading
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bardo”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bardo”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Old Polish
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *bьrdo.
Noun
bardo n
- reed, weaving comb
- hill
Descendants
- Polish: bardo
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbar.dɔ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ardɔ
- Syllabification: bar‧do
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish bardo, from Proto-Slavic *bьrdo. Cognate with Czech brdo.
Noun
bardo n
- reed, weaving comb
- Synonyms: grzebień tkacki, płocha, przybijaczka
Declension
Declension of bardo
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | bardo | barda |
| genitive | barda | bared |
| dative | bardu | bardom |
| accusative | bardo | barda |
| instrumental | bardem | bardami |
| locative | bardzie | bardach |
| vocative | bardo | barda |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Tibetan བར་དོ (bar do).
Noun
bardo n (indeclinable)
- (Tibetan Buddhism) bardo (the state of existence between death and subsequent reincarnation)
Further reading
- bardo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bardo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin bardus, from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *bardos.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈbaʁ.du/ [ˈbaɦ.du]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ˈbaɾ.du/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈbaʁ.du/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈbaɻ.do/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈbaɾ.du/ [ˈbaɾ.ðu]
- (Gaúcho) IPA(key): /ˈbaɾ.do/
Noun
bardo m (plural bardos)
- bard
- Synonyms: menestrel, escaldo, rapsodo, trovador, vate, músico, poeta, cantor
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin bardus, from Gaulish [Term?], from Proto-Celtic *bardos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbaɾdo/ [ˈbaɾ.ð̞o]
- Rhymes: -aɾdo
- Syllabification: bar‧do
Noun
bardo m (plural bardos)
- bard
- conflict
Further reading
- “bardo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014