мука
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmuka]
- Rhymes: -uka
Verb
мука • (muka) impf
- (intransitive) to moo, bellow
Conjugation
l-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | мукал | — | adjectival participle | — | ||
feminine | мукала | — | adverbial participle | мукајќи | ||
neuter | мукало | — | verbal noun | мукање | ||
plural | мукале | — | perfect participle | мукано | ||
present | imperfect | aorist | imperative | |||
1st singular | мукам | мукав | — | — | ||
2nd singular | мукаш | мукаше | — | мукај | ||
3rd singular | мука | мукаше | — | — | ||
1st plural | мукаме | мукавме | — | — | ||
2nd plural | мукате | мукавте | — | мукајте | ||
3rd plural | мукаат | мукаа | — | — | ||
Compound tenses | ||||||
perfect | сум мукал | present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-perfect | имам мукано | present of има + perfect participle | ||||
pluperfect | бев мукал | imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-pluperfect | имав мукано | imperfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
има-perfect reported | сум имал мукано | perfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
future | ќе мукам | ќе + present | ||||
има-future | ќе имам мукано | future of има + perfect participle | ||||
future in the past | ќе мукав | ќе + imperfect | ||||
има-future in the past | ќе имав мукано | future in the past of има + perfect participle | ||||
future reported | ќе сум мукал | ќе + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-future reported | ќе сум имал мукано | future reported of има + perfect participle | ||||
conditional | би мукал | би + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-conditional | би имал мукано | conditional of има + perfect participle |
Russian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǭka (“flour”). Akin to regional Serbo-Croatian мука/muka (“meal”), Slovene moka, Slovak múka. Non-Slavic cognates include Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), German and Old High German mengen (“to mix”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mʊˈka]
Noun
мука́ • (muká) f inan (genitive муки́, uncountable, related adjective мучно́й) (mass noun, no plural)
- flour, fine meal
Declension
singular | |
---|---|
nominative | мука́ muká |
genitive | муки́ mukí |
dative | муке́ muké |
accusative | муку́ mukú |
instrumental | муко́й, муко́ю mukój, mukóju |
prepositional | муке́ muké |
singular | |
---|---|
nominative | мука́ muká |
genitive | муки́ mukí |
dative | мукѣ́ mukě́ |
accusative | муку́ mukú |
instrumental | муко́й, муко́ю mukój, mukóju |
prepositional | мукѣ́ mukě́ |
Related terms
- мукомо́л (mukomól)
- мучни́стый (mučnístyj)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torment, torture”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmukə]
Noun
му́ка • (múka) f inan (genitive му́ки, nominative plural му́ки, genitive plural мук)
- pain, anguish, torment, suffering, torture
- ordeal
- harassment
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | му́ка múka | му́ки múki |
genitive | му́ки múki | му́к múk |
dative | му́ке múke | му́кам múkam |
accusative | му́ку múku | му́ки múki |
instrumental | му́кой, му́кою múkoj, múkoju | му́ками múkami |
prepositional | му́ке múke | му́ках múkax |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | му́ка múka | му́ки múki |
genitive | му́ки múki | му́къ múk |
dative | му́кѣ múkě | му́камъ múkam |
accusative | му́ку múku | му́ки múki |
instrumental | му́кой, му́кою múkoj, múkoju | му́ками múkami |
prepositional | му́кѣ múkě | му́кахъ múkax |
Related terms
- муче́ние (mučénije)
- му́ченик (múčenik)
- мучи́тель (mučítelʹ)
- му́чить (múčitʹ)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torture, torment”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mûka/
- Hyphenation: му‧ка
Noun
му̏ка f (Latin spelling mȕka)
- pain
- torment
- nausea
- trouble
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | му̏ка | муке |
genitive | муке | му̑ка̄ |
dative | му̏ци | мукама |
accusative | муку | муке |
vocative | муко | муке |
locative | му̏ци | мукама |
instrumental | муком | мукама |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *mǭka (“flour”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mǔːka/
- Hyphenation: му‧ка
Noun
му́ка f (Latin spelling múka)
- (regional) flour
Declension
singular | |
---|---|
nominative | му́ка |
genitive | муке |
dative | му́ци |
accusative | муку |
vocative | муко |
locative | му́ци |
instrumental | муком |
Ukrainian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torture, torment”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmukɐ]
Audio (file)
Noun
му́ка • (múka) f inan (genitive му́ки, nominative plural му́ки, genitive plural мук)
- pain, anguish, torment, suffering, torture
- Synonym: стражда́ння n (straždánnja)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | му́ка múka | му́ки múky |
genitive | му́ки múky | мук muk |
dative | му́ці múci | му́кам múkam |
accusative | му́ку múku | му́ки múky |
instrumental | му́кою múkoju | му́ками múkamy |
locative | му́ці múci | му́ках múkax |
vocative | му́ко múko | му́ки múky |
Derived terms
- му́ченик m (múčenyk), му́чениця f (múčenycja)
- му́чеництво n (múčenyctvo)
- му́ченицький (múčenycʹkyj)
Related terms
- заму́чувати impf (zamúčuvaty), заму́чити pf (zamúčyty)
- му́чення n (múčennja)
- мучи́тель m (mučýtelʹ), мучи́телька f (mučýtelʹka)
- му́читися impf (múčytysja)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *mǭka (“flour”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mʊˈka]
Noun
мука́ • (muká) f inan (genitive муки́, uncountable)
- (colloquial) flour
- Synonym: бо́рошно n (bórošno)
Declension
singular | |
---|---|
nominative | мука́ muká |
genitive | муки́ muký |
dative | муці́ mucí |
accusative | муку́ mukú |
instrumental | муко́ю mukóju |
locative | муці́ mucí |
vocative | му́ко múko |
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “мука”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “мука”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “мука”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “мука”, in Словник.ua [Slovnik.ua] (in Ukrainian)