лѧхъ

лѧхъ

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lęxъ.

Pronunciation

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ̃xʊ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈlʲaxʊ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈlʲax/
  • Hyphenation: лѧ‧хъ

Noun

лѧхъ (lęxŭ) m (related adjective лѧдьскъ)

1. Lechite; Pole
2. (in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe)
   • 1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex‎, page 160:

     ѿтуда пакꙑ на лѣто володимерю ѡпѧть· та посла мѧ с҃тославъ в лѧхꙑ

     thence again to Volodimir for the summer; and Svyatoslav sent me to Poland

Declension

Declension of лѧхъ (u-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	лѧхъ lęxŭ	лѧхꙑ lęxy	лѧхове lęxove
Genitive	лѧху lęxu	лѧхову lęxovu	лѧховъ lęxovŭ
Dative	лѧхови, лѧху lęxovi, lęxu	лѧхъма lęxŭma	лѧхъмъ lęxŭmŭ
Accusative	лѧхъ lęxŭ	лѧхꙑ lęxy	лѧхꙑ lęxy
Instrumental	лѧхъмь lęxŭmĭ	лѧхъма lęxŭma	лѧхъми lęxŭmi
Locative	лѧху lęxu	лѧхову lęxovu	лѧхъхъ lęxŭxŭ
Vocative	лѧхъ lęxŭ	лѧхꙑ lęxy	лѧхове lęxove

Descendants

• Old Ruthenian: лѧхъ (ljax), лехъ (lex)
  • Belarusian: лях (ljax)
  • Rusyn: Лях (Ljax)
  • Ukrainian: лях (ljax)
  • → Czech: Ľach (dialectal)
  • → Polish: Lach
  • → Romanian: leah
• Russian: лях (ljax)
• → Old Lithuanian:
  • Lithuanian: lénkas

---

Old Ruthenian

Alternative forms

• лꙗхъ (ljax), ліахъ (ljax), лехъ (lex)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lęxъ, from *lęděninъ.[1][2][3][4] Cognate with Russian лях (ljax).

Noun

лѧхъ • (ljax) m pers (nominative plural лѧ́хи or лѧ́хы)

1. Pole, Polish man, Polack

   Synonym: полѧ́къ (polják)

2. (in the plural) Polish people
3. (in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe); Rzeczpospolita, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
4. (in the plural) Polish army

Derived terms

• Лѧхъ (Ljax) (surname)

Descendants

• Belarusian: лях (ljax)
• Rusyn: Лях (Ljax)
• Ukrainian: лях (ljax)
• → Czech: Ľach (dialectal)
• → Polish: Lach
• → Romanian: leah

References

1. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*lęxъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 57
2. Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “лях”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 343
3. Rudnyckyj, Ja. B. (1982), “лях”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (in English), volume 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukr. Mohylo-Mazepian Acad. of Sciences & Ukr. Lang. Assoc., page 788: “MUk. ляхъ (1736)”
4. Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1990), “лях₁”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volume 6 (лі́ра – мая́чыць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 144

Further reading

• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “лѧх; *лѧхы”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 569
• Bulyka, A. M., editor (1998), “ляхъ, лехъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 17 (лесничий – местский), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 211
• Chikalo, M. I., editor (2013), “ляхъ, лехъ, ліахъ, лѧхъ”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), issue 16 (легкомыслность – лѧчи), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 196