лях
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [lʲax]
Noun
лях • (ljax) m anim (genitive ля́ха, nominative plural ля́хи, genitive plural ля́хов, feminine ля́шка)
- (historical, now sometimes slightly derogatory or ironic) Pole, Polish man, Polack
- Synonym: (regular term) поля́к (polják)
Declension
Declension of лях (anim masc-form velar-stem accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ля́х ljáx | ля́хи ljáxi |
| genitive | ля́ха ljáxa | ля́хов ljáxov |
| dative | ля́ху ljáxu | ля́хам ljáxam |
| accusative | ля́ха ljáxa | ля́хов ljáxov |
| instrumental | ля́хом ljáxom | ля́хами ljáxami |
| prepositional | ля́хе ljáxe | ля́хах ljáxax |
Descendants
- → Armeno-Kipchak: լեհ (leh), լեխ (lex, “Pole”), Լեհ (Leh, “Poland”)
- → Karaim: leh / лех (“Pole”)
- → Crimean Tatar: Leh / Лех (“Poland”)
- → Ottoman Turkish: له (leh, “Poland; Pole”)
- Turkish: Leh
- → Middle Armenian: լեհ (leh)
- Armenian: լեհ (leh)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “лях”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Ukrainian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Ruthenian лѧхъ (ljax), from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [lʲax]
Noun
лях • (ljax) m pers (genitive ля́ха, nominative plural ля́хи, genitive plural ля́хів, feminine ля́шка, diminutive ляшо́к)
- (historical, now sometimes slightly derogatory or ironic) Pole, Polish man, Polack
- Synonym: (regular term) поля́к (polják)
Declension
Declension of лях (pers velar masc-form accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | лях ljax | ля́хи ljáxy |
| genitive | ля́ха ljáxa | ля́хів ljáxiv |
| dative | ля́хові, ля́ху ljáxovi, ljáxu | ля́хам ljáxam |
| accusative | ля́ха ljáxa | ля́хів ljáxiv |
| instrumental | ля́хом ljáxom | ля́хами ljáxamy |
| locative | ля́хові, ля́ху ljáxovi, ljáxu | ля́хах ljáxax |
| vocative | ля́ше ljáše | ля́хи ljáxy |
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лях”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2022), “лях”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 1–13 (а – покі́рно), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN