bara

See also: Bara, bára, Bára, bära, bāra, barā, bārā, båra, bæra, and bara-

English

Etymology

Short for barazoku, from Japanese 薔薇族 (barazoku, literally “rose tribe”), the name of Japan's first modern gay men's magazine, named after a post-World War II term for gay men.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑːɹə/, /ˈbæɹə/
Rhymes: -ɑːɹə, -æɹə

Noun

bara (uncountable)

(Internet slang) A genre of homoerotic media, usually manga and often pornographic, made by gay men for gay men in Japan.
(Internet slang) Gay male media of a similar style and aesthetic, regardless of the creator's gender or ethnicity.
(Internet slang) Any homoerotic media or pornography that accentuates macho masculinity; gay porn.

Usage notes

The term barazoku was once relatively more common in the Japanese gay community (the magazine Barazoku starting publication in 1971), but has long since gone out of fashion in Japan, having been replaced by terms like ガチムチ (gachimuchi).
The term bara often contrasts with yaoi, which is gay male media usually made by heterosexual women to appeal to other heterosexual women. Whereas bara typically emphasizes masculine homoeroticism and frank explicit sexual situations, yaoi typically emphasizes the androgynous bishonen aesthetic and depicts emotional romantic relationships.

Anagrams

Abar, Abra, Arab, Baar, Raab, abra, arba

Afar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bʌˈɾʌ/

Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun

bará f

sake

Declension

Declension of bará

absolutive

bará

predicative

bará

subjective

bará

genitive

bará

Postpositioned forms
l-case	barál
k-case	barák
t-case	barát
h-case	baráh

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbʌɾʌ/

Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun

bára

predicative of bár

References

E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 68
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Welsh bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰars- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑː.ra/

Noun

bara m (plural baraioù)

bread

Inflection

Mutation of bara

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	bara	vara	unchanged	para
plural	baraioù	varaioù	unchanged	paraioù

Derived terms

baraa
bara amanenn
bara an aelez
bara an aoter
bara-an-evn
bara-an-hoc'h
bara-an-ozhac'h-kozh
bara ar Rouanez
bara brizh
bara-choanenn
bara-chokolad
bara du
baraek
baraenn
baraer
baraerezh
bara-gad
bara-gavr
bara gwenn
baraiñ
bara-kann
bara-koukoug
bara krazet
bara-laezh
bara-ludu
bara-mel
bara-mor
bara-oaled
bara-rezin
bara-tiegezh

References

Orel, Vladimir (1998), “bara”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 17

Cebuano

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun

bara

a yard; a unit of length equal to 3 feet

Dutch

Etymology

From Caribbean Hindustani baara, from Hindi बार (bār).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbaːˌraː/
(file)
Hyphenation: ba‧ra
Rhymes: -aː

Noun

bara m (plural bara's)

(Suriname) a deep-fried doughnut-shaped snack made of mung bean flour
- 2021 July 4, “Gezellige sfeer bij vaccinatie in PL-centrum [Congenial atmosphere at vaccination drive at PL party centre]”, in StarNieuws‎, retrieved 7 December 2022:
  Uit enkele speakers dendert soca en zouk muziek^[sic]. In de lucht hangt de geur van versgebakken bara's en kip.
  Soca and zouk music thumps from a couple of loudspeakers. The smell of freshly fried baras and chicken wafts through the air.

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpɛaːɹa/
Rhymes: -ɛaːɹa
Homophones: barað, bæra

Verb

bara (third person singular past indicative baraði, third person plural past indicative baraðu, supine barað)

(reflexive) constrain (oneself)

Conjugation

Conjugation of bara (group v-30)
infinitive	bara
supine	barað
participle (a6)¹	barandi	baraður
	present	past
first singular	bari	baraði
second singular	barar	baraði
third singular	barar	baraði
plural	bara	baraðu
	imperative
singular	bara!
plural	barið!
¹Only the past participle being declined.

Adverb

bara

just, simply
I wish
if only

Synonyms

(I wish): gævi

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ba.ʁa/
Audio (file)

Noun

bara m (uncountable)

(Ivory Coast slang) work, labour
- 2019 April 1, La rappeuse NASH, “La rappeuse NASH nommée ambassadrice nationale UNICEF”, in A UNICEF press release, spread by Ivorian.net, Fratmat, Allafrica, Afrique Femme, Abidjan TV, Ivoire Soir, Africa Hot News:
  Ma science pour les gopios, c’est de : couman fah-fah avec eux, prendre dra de leur melanhement, de leur miria, djaouli ceux qui veulent fraya au souklou, ou avoir un bara djidji par rapport à un graya général demso, decrou un bon soutrali par rapport à les bognan et leur gué un nouveau douahou et mettre mon fangan au-devant pour leurs wés.
  My science for the children is: to do some plain talk with them, discover their troubles, their concerns, to make provisions for those who want to go to school, or to have some real work in relation to a general sustenance, to render some good help in relation to their problems and give them a new chance, and to apply my power for their dreams.

Verb

bara

(Ivory Coast slang) to work, to labour

Hausa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bá.ɽàː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bə́.ɽàː]

Noun

barā̀ m (feminine baranyā̀, plural barōrī, possessed form baràn)

servant
1. A young person who out of respect volunteers to work for someone from time to time.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bá.ràː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bə́.ràː]

Noun

bar̃ā̀ f (plural bàr̃ā̀ce-bàr̃ā̀ce, possessed form bar̃àr̃)

A beggar for alms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bàː.ráː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bàː.ráː]

Noun

bā̀r̃ā f (possessed form bā̀r̃ar̃)

one's focus (e.g., in aiming at or attempting to catch something)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bàː.ɽá/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bàː.ɽə́]

Noun

bā̀ra f (possessed form bā̀rar̃)

last year

Adverb

bā̀ra

last year

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vara/barra.

Noun

bára

crowbar
yardstick

Ibatan

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

Noun

bara

(anatomy) lung

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse *bara (“barely, only”), from *barr, Old West Norse berr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare”). Compare Swedish bara.

Adverb

bara

only, just, if only
Ég á bara 200 krónur.
I only have 200 krónur.
Bara að hann hringi í mig...
If only he'd call me...
(emphatic, postpositive) only, just
Þegiðu bara!
Just shut up!
Gerðu þetta bara og þegiðu!
Just do it and shut up.

Synonyms

(emphatic: just): barasta

Derived terms

af því bara (aþþí bara, af því barasta; just because)

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

Noun

bara

lung

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay bara.

Noun

bara (first-person possessive baraku, second-person possessive baramu, third-person possessive baranya)

ember

Iraqw

Adverb

bara

if, when

References

Mous, Maarten; Qorro, Martha; Kießling, Roland (2002) Iraqw-English Dictionary (Kuschitische Sprachstudien), volume 18, Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, page 11

Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbˠaɾˠə/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bara (“flow; intention, design”). Probably related to Middle Irish baramail (“opinion, expectation”).

Noun

bara f (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)

inclination, intention

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish bara (“barrow”), borrowed from Old Norse barar.

Noun

bara m (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)

barrow, cart

Derived terms

bara láimhe (“hand-barrow”)
bara rotha (“wheel-barrow”)

Declension

Declension of bara

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bara	baraí
Vocative	a bhara	a bharaí
Genitive	bara	baraí
Dative	bara	baraí

Forms with the definite article

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an bara	na baraí
Genitive	an bhara	na mbaraí
Dative	leis an mbara don bhara	leis na baraí

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bara	bhara	mbara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Italian

FWOTD – 7 December 2022

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈba.ra/
Rhymes: -ara
Hyphenation: bà‧ra

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Lombardic bāra (“bier, litter”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to carry”). Compare German Bahre (“bier, stretcher”).

Noun

bara f (plural bare)

bier (litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)
- early 14^th century, Dante, “Canto XI”, in Paradiso, lines 115–117:
  e del suo grembo l’anima preclara
  mover si volle, tornando al suo regno,
  e al suo corpo non volle altra bara.
  And from her bosom the illustrious soul wished to depart, returning to its realm, and for its body wished no other bier.
coffin (box in which a person is buried)
Synonym: (regional) tabuto
Il cadavere fu deposto nella bara.
The body was placed in the coffin.
moltebare in attesa di sepoltura
a number of coffins awaiting burial
(obsolete) litter, stretcher
Synonyms: barella, lettiga
(religion) a carriage used to transport a saint's relics
an animal-drawn carriage typical of Tuscany and Liguria

Derived terms

barella

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

bara

inflection of barare:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

raba

Jamaican Creole

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑːra/
Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Verb

bara

Alternative form of borrow.
- 1995, English World-wide, volume 16-17, Julius Groos Verlag, page 214:
  “So , mii en ha fi fain mi uona wie fi se ina Jamiekan aal kain a sinting we piipl a taak bout wen dem a stodi langgwij . Mek mi shuo unu wa ... Mi bara di Rasta wod 'grounieshan' we dem yuuz fi seshan we dem miit an riizn . Mi tek i an yuuz i fi [...]”
  Well, I had to find my own way to express all sorts of things in Jamaican Creole which people talk about when they study languages. Let me show you what [...] I'm borrowing the Rasta word "Grounation" which they use for sessions where they get together and discuss important matters. I took it and used it to [...]

Japanese

Romanization

bara

Rōmaji transcription of ばら
Rōmaji transcription of バラ

Javanese

Other scripts
Carakan	ꦧꦫ
Roman	bara

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Numeral

bara

hundred million (10⁸)

Kikuyu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /βàɾà(ꜜ)/

As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 1 with a disyllabic stem, together with ndaka, and so on.

(Kiambu)

(Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including cindano, huko, iburi, igego, igoti, ini (pl. mani), inooro, irigũ, irũa, iturubarĩ (pl. maturubarĩ), kĩbaata, kĩmũrĩ, kũgũrũ, mũciĩ, mũgeni, mũgũrũki, mũmbirarũ, mũndũ, mũri, mũthuuri, mwaki (“fire”), mwario (“way of speaking”), mbogoro, nda, ndaka, ndigiri, ngo, njagathi, njogu, nyondo (“breast(s)”), and so on.[1]

Noun

bara class 9/10 (plural bara)

road
Synonyms: barabara, njĩra

References

“barabara” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 24. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.

Laboya

Preposition

bara

nearby, at, close

References

Rina, A. Dj.; Kabba, John Lado B. (2011), “bara”, in Kamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page 8

Latvian

Noun

bara m

genitive singular form of bars

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀah.

Pronunciation

(Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /barə/
(Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /bara/
Rhymes: -arə, -rə, -ə
Rhymes: -a

Noun

bara (Jawi spelling بارا‎, plural bara-bara, informal 1st possessive baraku, 2nd possessive baramu, 3rd possessive baranya)

ember

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

pembaraan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
perbara [causative passive] (peR-)
perbaraan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
membara [agent focus] (meN-)
membarai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
berbara [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

bara api

Descendants

Indonesian: bara

References

"bara" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
“bara” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mansaka

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajaq, compare Old Javanese warah.

Verb

bara

to warn

Maranao

Noun

bara

crowbar

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old English bēr.

Noun

bāra f

bier

Descendants

Middle High German: bāre
- German: Bahre
→ Italian: bara

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse bera, bara (East Old Norse), from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.

Verb

bara

to bare, make bare

Conjugation

Conjugation of bara (weak)

active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	present			past
infinitive	bara			—
participle	barandi, -e			baraþer
iæk	barar	bari, -e	—	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
þū	barar	bari, -e	bara	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
han	barar	bari, -e	—	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
vīr	barum, -om	barum, -om	barum, -om	baraþum, -om	baraþum, -om
īr	barin	barin	barin	baraþin	baraþin
þēr	bara	barin	—	baraþu, -o	baraþin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
þū	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
han	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
vīr	barums, -oms	barums, -oms	—	baraþums, -oms	baraþums, -oms
īr	barins	barins	—	baraþins	baraþins
þēr	baras	barins	—	baraþus, -os	baraþins

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French barrer (“to bar”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /baˈra/

Verb

a bara (third-person singular present barează, past participle barat) 1st conj.

to bar, to block
Synonym: bloca
to strike through

Conjugation

conjugation of bara (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

number		singular			plural
infinitive			a bara
gerund			barând
past participle			barat
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	barez	barezi	barează	barăm	barați	barează
	imperfect	baram	barai	bara	baram	barați	barau
	simple perfect	barai	barași	bară	bararăm	bararăți	barară
	pluperfect	barasem	baraseși	barase	baraserăm	baraserăți	baraseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
subjunctive	present	să barez	să barezi	să bareze	să barăm	să barați	să bareze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		barează			barați
	negative		nu bara			nu barați

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-bàda.

Verb

-bara (infinitive kubara, perfective -baze)

to count, calculate

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bara.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bâra/
Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun

bȁra f (Cyrillic spelling ба̏ра)

puddle
marsh, swamp

Declension

Declension of bara

	singular	plural
nominative	bȁra	bare
genitive	bare	bȃrā
dative	bari	barama
accusative	baru	bare
vocative	baro	bare
locative	bari	barama
instrumental	barom	barama

Noun

bara (Cyrillic spelling бара)

genitive singular of bȃr

References

“bara” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Shona

Etymology

From Portuguese bala.

Noun

bará class 5 (plural mapará class 6)

bullet

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرّ‎ (barr, “mainland”).

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya) (file)

Noun

bara (n class, plural bara) or bara (ma class, plural mabara)

mainland
continent
Synonym: kontinenti

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish bara, from Old Norse *bara (“barely, only”), from *barr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare”). Compare Icelandic bara.

Pronunciation

(Sweden) IPA^(key): /²bɑːra/
- audio (file)
- (colloquial, unstressed) IPA^(key): /ba/
(Finland) IPA^(key): /bɑrɑ/

Adjective

bara

absolute singular definite and plural form of bar.

Adverb

bara (not comparable)

just, only
Jag ska bara läsa den här sidan också.
I'll just read this page too.
Vi har bara en bil.
We have only one car.

Alternative forms

ba (colloquial)

Synonyms

endast
enbart
blott

Anagrams

arab, arab.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

From Spanish barrar (“to mud”) or Spanish varar (“to strand”).

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: ba‧ra

IPA^(key): /baˈɾa/, [bɐˈɾa]

Noun

bará

clog; blockage; stoppage; obstruction
Synonyms: pasak, sumpal, siksik

Derived terms

barahan
bumara
mabarahan
magbara
makabara

Related terms

barado

Etymology 2

From Spanish vara.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: ba‧ra

IPA^(key): /ˈbaɾa/, [ˈba.ɾɐ]

Noun

bara

unit of length measuring about 33 inches
measuring stick or tape measure of such a length

Related terms

sandipa
yarda

Etymology 3

From Spanish barra.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: ba‧ra

IPA^(key): /ˈbaɾa/, [ˈba.ɾɐ]

Noun

bara

shaft; lever; beam (of a balance)
Synonyms: pingga, braso

Derived terms

bara-bara

Ternate

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈba.ɾa]

Noun

bara

carbuncle

References

Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Noun

bara

definite dative singular of bar

Welsh

Pronunciation

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈbara/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈba(ː)ra/
Rhymes: -ara

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Breton bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰars- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).

Noun

bara m (plural bara)

bread; loaf, slice (of bread), loaves
(figuratively) food, meal, sustenance, means of subsistence, livelihood

Derived terms

bara brith
bara cras, bara crasu
bara fflat
bara soda

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
bara	fara	mara	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

bara

Soft mutation of para.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
para	bara	mhara	phara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

[1] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “bara”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 17

[yy1981-2] Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.

bara

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Anagrams

Afar

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Breton

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

References

Cebuano

Pronunciation

Noun

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Faroese

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Adverb

Synonyms

French

Pronunciation

Noun

Verb

Hausa

Pronunciation

Noun

Pronunciation

Noun

Pronunciation

Noun

Pronunciation

Noun

Adverb

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Noun

Ibatan

Etymology

Noun

Icelandic

Etymology

Adverb

Synonyms

Derived terms

Ilocano

Etymology

Noun

Indonesian

Etymology

Noun

Iraqw

Adverb

References

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Declension

Mutation

Further reading

Italian