кто
Old East Slavic
Pronoun
кто (kto)
- Alternative spelling of къто (kŭto)
- 1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 1:
- кто въ києвѣ нача первѣє кнѧжит и ѿкуду рускаꙗ ꙁемлѧ стала єсть⁘
- kto vŭ kievě nača pervěe knęžit i otŭkudu ruskaja zemlę stala estĭ⁘
- Who in Kiev first started to reign and whence the Russian land has started to be.
-
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “къто”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1415
Russian
Alternative forms
- хто (xto) – nonstandard, regional
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic къто (kŭto), from Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kto]
- (South-European Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) IPA(key): [xto] (phonetic respelling: хто)
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -o
Pronoun
кто • (kto) m
- (interrogative) who
- Кто э́то? ― Kto éto? ― Who’s this?
- Я не зна́ю, кто э́то сде́лал. ― Ja ne znáju, kto éto sdélal. ― I don’t know who did this.
- (relative) who
- Тот, кто э́то сде́лал. ― Tot, kto éto sdélal. ― The one who did it.
Declension
Declension of кто
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | кто́ któ |
| genitive | кого́ kovó |
| dative | кому́ komú |
| accusative | кого́ kovó |
| instrumental | ке́м kém |
| prepositional | ко́м kóm |
Pre-reform declension of кто
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | кто́ któ |
| genitive | кого́ kovó |
| dative | кому́ komú |
| accusative | кого́ kovó |
| instrumental | кѣ́мъ kě́m |
| prepositional | ко́мъ kóm |
Related terms
Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷe- (0 c, 11 e)
Derived terms
- кое-кто́ (koje-któ)
- кто́-либо (któ-libo)
- кто́-нибудь (któ-nibudʹ)
- кто́-то (któ-to)
- не́кто (nékto), не́кого (nékovo)
- никто́ (niktó)