крат
Russian
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic кратъ (kratŭ). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian -кра̄т (e.g. два́кра̄т (“twice”)), Slovene kràt (gen. kráta), Czech -krát (e.g. dvakrát (“twice”)), Slovak krát, Polish -kroć (e.g. dwakroć (“twice”)), Upper Sorbian -kroć, Lower Sorbian -krot. More distantly cognate with Lithuanian kar̃tas (“time, occurrence”) (plural kartaĩ), kartà (“layer, row”) (acc. kar̃tą), Latvian kā̀rtа (“layer, row”), Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛ́t, “once”), कृत्वस् pl (kṛ́tvas, “times, occurrences”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬝 (hakərət̰, “once”). Vasmer suggests that these terms are cognate with Lithuanian kir̃sti (“to chop”) (1sg. kertù), and notes the parallelism with Russian раз (raz) and ре́зать (rézatʹ, “to cut”), and Lithuanian sỹkis (“time, occurrence”) and Russian секу́ (sekú, “I cut, I chop”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [krat]
Noun
крат • (krat) m inan (genitive кра́та, nominative plural кра́ты, genitive plural крат)
- (dated) time, occurrence, -fold (now found only in the expression во́ сто кра́т (vó sto krát, “a hundred times”))
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кра́т krát | кра́ты kráty |
| genitive | кра́та kráta | кра́т△ krát△ |
| dative | кра́ту krátu | кра́там krátam |
| accusative | кра́т krát | кра́ты kráty |
| instrumental | кра́том krátom | кра́тами krátami |
| prepositional | кра́те kráte | кра́тах krátax |
△ Irregular.
Usage notes
- Although the base term itself is now dated, it is still found in compounds such as многокра́тный (mnogokrátnyj, “multifold, multiple, manifold”), однокра́тный (odnokrátnyj, “single”), стокра́т (stokrát, “many times”, literary), etc.
Synonyms
- раз (raz) (the normal term)
Derived terms
- кра́тный (krátnyj), кра́тное (krátnoje)
- многокра́тный (mnogokrátnyj)
- однокра́тный (odnokrátnyj)
- стокра́т (stokrát)