кошмар
Bulgarian
Etymology
Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcō (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [koʃˈmar]
Noun
кошма́р • (košmár) m (related adjective кошма́рен)
- nightmare
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | кошма́р košmár | кошма́ри košmári |
| definite (subject form) | кошма́рят košmárjat | кошма́рите košmárite |
| definite (object form) | кошма́ря košmárja | |
| count form | — | кошма́ря košmárja |
Macedonian
Etymology
Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɔʃmar]
Audio (file)
Noun
кошмар • (košmar) m (plural кошмари, related adjective кошмарен)
- nightmare
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | кошмар | кошмари |
| definite unspecified | кошмарот | кошмарите |
| definite proximal | кошмаров | кошмариве |
| definite distal | кошмарон | кошмарине |
| vocative | кошмару | кошмари |
| count form | — | кошмара |
Russian
Alternative forms
- кошма́ръ (košmár) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Connected to French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kɐʂˈmar]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ar
Noun
кошма́р • (košmár) m inan (genitive кошма́ра, nominative plural кошма́ры, genitive plural кошма́ров, related adjective кошма́рный)
- nightmare
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кошма́р košmár | кошма́ры košmáry |
| genitive | кошма́ра košmára | кошма́ров košmárov |
| dative | кошма́ру košmáru | кошма́рам košmáram |
| accusative | кошма́р košmár | кошма́ры košmáry |
| instrumental | кошма́ром košmárom | кошма́рами košmárami |
| prepositional | кошма́ре košmáre | кошма́рах košmárax |
Derived terms
- кошма́рный (košmárnyj)
Descendants
- → Belarusian: кашмар (kašmar)
Interjection
кошма́р • (košmár)
- it's terrible!
- Synonym: у́жас (úžas)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.
Noun
ко̏шма̄р m (Latin spelling kȍšmār)
- nightmare
- incubus
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кошмар | кошмари |
| genitive | кошмара | кошмара |
| dative | кошмару | кошмарима |
| accusative | кошмар | кошмаре |
| vocative | кошмару | кошмари |
| locative | кошмару | кошмарима |
| instrumental | кошмаром | кошмарима |
Ukrainian
Etymology
Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kɔʃˈmar]
Audio (file)
Noun
кошма́р • (košmár) m inan (genitive кошма́ру, nominative plural кошма́ри, genitive plural кошма́рів, related adjective кошма́рний)
- nightmare
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кошма́р košmár | кошма́ри košmáry |
| genitive | кошма́ру košmáru | кошма́рів košmáriv |
| dative | кошма́рові, кошма́ру košmárovi, košmáru | кошма́рам košmáram |
| accusative | кошма́р košmár | кошма́ри košmáry |
| instrumental | кошма́ром košmárom | кошма́рами košmáramy |
| locative | кошма́рі košmári | кошма́рах košmárax |
| vocative | кошма́ре košmáre | кошма́ри košmáry |
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кошмар”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2022), “кошмар”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 1–13 (а – покі́рно), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “кошмар”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “кошмар”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “кошмар”, in Словник.ua [Slovnik.ua] (in Ukrainian)