клеймо
Bulgarian
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian клеймо́ (klejmó).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [klʲɛjˈmɔ]
Noun
клеймо́ • (klejmó) n
- (historical) brand (on a slave or criminal)
- postmark
- (figurative) stain, mark, stigma
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | клеймо́ klejmó | клейма́ klejmá |
| definite | клеймо́то klejmóto | клейма́та klejmáta |
Russian
Etymology
Dialectally also клейно́ (klejnó); cognate with Ukrainian клеймо́ (klejmó), клейно́ (klejnó) and Belarusian кляймо́ (kljajmó), кляйно́ (kljajnó). Per Vasmer, borrowed from unattested Old High German *kleim (“glue, clay, mortar”), from Proto-West Germanic *klaim.
(Only Old High German kleimen (“to smear, to oil”) is attested, but the vowel sequence -ей- is most easily derived from Old High German or Old Norse among the Germanic languages, and Vasmer specifically denies a derivation from Old Norse kleima.)
Compare Old English clām (“clay, mud”) (whence dialectal English cloam (“clay”)), Middle Low German klēm (“glue, mortar, plaster”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [klʲɪjˈmo]
Noun
клеймо́ • (klejmó) n inan (genitive клейма́, nominative plural кле́йма, genitive plural клейм)
- brand, stamp, identification mark
- (figuratively) stain, taint as in tainted reputation
- stigma
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | клеймо́ klejmó | кле́йма kléjma |
| genitive | клейма́ klejmá | кле́йм kléjm |
| dative | клейму́ klejmú | кле́ймам kléjmam |
| accusative | клеймо́ klejmó | кле́йма kléjma |
| instrumental | клеймо́м klejmóm | кле́ймами kléjmami |
| prepositional | клейме́ klejmé | кле́ймах kléjmax |
Related terms
- клейми́ть (klejmítʹ), заклейми́ть (zaklejmítʹ)
- клейма не́где ста́вить (klejma négde stávitʹ)
Descendants
- → Finnish: leima
- → Ingrian: kleima
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “клеймо”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress