-ия

See also: ја, и-а, and -ја

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьja. This suffix also superseded the obsolete ending Proto-Slavic *-i in archaic ī-stem nouns.

Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f

Forms abstract or action nouns with hyperbolic meaning: -ity, -ery, -ness
From abstract nouns:
разбо́р (razbór, “analysis, distribution”) → неразбори́я (nerazboríja, “chaos, mess”)
чу́до (čúdo, “wonder”) → чудеси́я (čudesíja, “miracle”)
у́жас (úžas, “horror”) → ужаси́я (užasíja, “horridness”)
роб (rob, “slave”) → роби́я (robíja, “slavery”) (obsolete)
From adjectives/participles:
ла́ком (lákom, “greedy”) → лакоми́я (lakomíja, “gluttony”)
прокле́т (proklét, “cursed”) → проклети́я (prokletíja, “damnation”)
From verbs:
но́ся (nósja, “to wear”) → носи́я (nosíja, “suite, fashion trend”)
во́зя (vózja, “to ride, convey”) → вози́я (vozíja, “ride”)
търгу́вам (tǎrgúvam, “to trade”) → търгови́я (tǎrgovíja, “commerce”)
разпра́вям се (razprávjam se, “to argue”) → разправи́я (razpravíja, “scandal, arguing”)
From adverbs:
о́коло (ókolo, “around”) → око́лия (okólija, “administrative unit”)
From interjections:
о́леле (ólele, “oh my god”) → олели́я (olelíja, “hullabaloo”)

Declension

Declension of -и́я

	singular	plural
indefinite	-и́я -íja	-и́и -íi
definite	-и́ята -íjata	-и́ите -íite

Derived terms

-оти́я (-otíja)
-ори́я (-oríja)

Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f or pl

Forms feminine counterparts to archaic substantivized adjectives:
сват m (svat, “relative, kinsman”) → сва́тя f (svátja, “kinswoman”)
*svy (“swinine”) → свиня́ f (svinjá, “sow”)
Forms plural forms of archaic ter-stem agent nouns:
брат sg (brat, “brother”) → бра́тя pl (brátja, “brothers”)
ма́тер sg (máter, “mother”) (archaic) → ма́тя pl (mátja, “mothers”) (obsolete, archaic)

Declension

Declension of -и́я

	singular	plural
indefinite	-и́я -íja	-и́и -íi
definite	-и́ята -íjata	-и́ите -íite

Alternative forms

-я (-ja) – reduced

Related terms

-ий (-ij), -ей (-ej)
-ие (-ie), -ье (-je)

Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f or m

Denotes agents, from archaic ī-stem nouns of native origin:
*sǫdi → съдия́ (sǎdijá, “judge”)
*svęti → свети́я (svetíja, “saint”)
*věti → вити́я (vitíja, “orator”) (obsolete)
*badli → ба́лия (bálija, “healer”) (archaic, obsolete)
Denotes objects/events, from archaic ī-stem nouns of native origin:
*mъldni → мъ́лния (mǎ́lnija, “bolt”)
*oldi → лади́я (ladíja, “boat”)
Denotes agents, from i/u-stem nouns borrowed from Turkish:
Turkish gidi (“swindler”) → гиди́я (gidíja, “crazyhead”) (dialectal)
Turkish kadi (“judge”) → кади́я (kadíja, “qadi, Muslim judge”) (dialectal)
Denotes tools/objects, from i/u-stem nouns borrowed from Turkish:
Turkish gemi (“boat”) → геми́я (gemíja, “sailboat”)
Turkish boru (“duct”) → бури́я (buríja, “oven pipe”) (dialectal)

Declension

Declension of -и́я

	singular	plural
indefinite	-и́я -íja	-и́и -íi
definite	-и́ята -íjata	-и́ите -íite

Derived terms

-лия (-lija) (in Turkish borrowings)
-чия (-čija)/-джия (-džija) (in Turkish borrowings)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia), -εῖον (-eîon), Greek -ή (-í), -ί (-í); found in loanwords.

Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f

-ia, -y
Greek κουτί (koutí) → кути́я (kutíja, “box”)
Greek πηχτή (pichtí) → пихти́я (pihtíja, “jelly”)
Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon) → стихи́я (stihíja, “natural force”)
Ancient Greek κατηγορία (katēgoría), ἀλληγορία (allēgoría) → катего́рия (kategórija, “category”), алего́рия (alegórija, “allegory”)
Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia) → апа́тия (apátija, “apathy”)
Ancient Greek πολυγαμία (polugamía) → полига́мия (poligámija, “polygamy”)
Forms names of sciences and doctrines:
Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía) → Latin philosophia → филосо́фия (filosófija, “philosophy”)
Ancient Greek θεολογία (theología) → Latin theologia → теоло́гия (teológija, “theology”)
Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía) → Latin anarchia → ана́рхия (anárhija, “anarchy”)
Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía) → Latin historia → исто́рия (istórija, “history”)
Latin biologia → биоло́гия (biológija, “biology”)
Latin chēmia → хи́мия (hímija, “chemistry”)
Forms names of geographical locations:
Country or state names:
България (Bǎlgarija, “Bulgaria”)
Калифорния (Kalifornija, “California”)
Continent or subcontinent names:
Азия (Azija, “Asia”)
Индия (Indija, “India”)
Large islands or inland areas:
Гренладния (Grenladnija, “Greenland”)
Месопотамия (Mesopotamija, “Mesopotamia”)
Fictional/mythological places:
Ария (Arija, “Arya”) (mythical place in Zoroastrian/Vedic religion)
Мория (Morija, “Moria”) (fictional place in the "Lord of the rings" saga)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin -ia, Italian -ia; found in loanwords.

Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f

-ia, -y
Latin furia → фури́я (furíja, “stormwind”)
Latin māteria → мате́рия (matérija, “matter”)
Italian aria → а́рия (árija, “aria”)
Italian legia → ле́гия (légija, “legion”)

Derived terms

-ция (-cija) (technically from Latin -tiō)
-о́рия (-órija) (technically from Latin -ōrium)

Derived terms

Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ия

Russian

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin -ia or Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εία (-eía); found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare German, French -ie).

Pronunciation

-ия: IPA^(key): [ʲɪjə]
-и́я: IPA^(key): [ˈʲijə]

Suffix

-ия or -и́я • (-ija or -íja) f

singular feminine nominative of -ий (-ij): -y, -ia (frequently found as part of foreign borrowings, where it represents the foreign suffixes -y, -ia, -ie, etc.)
-ion (frequently found as part of foreign borrowings, where it represents -ion, especially as part of -ция (-cija, “-tion”))
Suffix used to create abstract nouns from nouns denoting persons.
‎инжене́р (inženér, “engineer”) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎инжене́рия (inženérija, “engineering”)
‎бухга́лтер (bugálter, buhálter, “accountant”) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎бухгалте́рия (bugaltérija, buhaltérija, “accounting”)
‎карто́граф (kartógraf, “cartographer”) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎картогра́фия (kartográfija, “cartography”)
‎укро́п (ukróp, “Ukrainian (pejorative)”) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎Укро́пия (Ukrópija, “Ukraine (pejorative)”)

Usage notes

In the unstressed variant, the stress is frequently drawn onto the preceding syllable.

Declension

Declension of -ия, -и́я (inan fem-form i-stem accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ия, -и́я -ija, -íja	-ии, -и́и -ii, -íi
genitive	-ии, -и́и -ii, -íi	-ий, -и́й -ij, -íj
dative	-ии, -и́и -ii, -íi	-иям, -и́ям -ijam, -íjam
accusative	-ию, -и́ю -iju, -íju	-ии, -и́и -ii, -íi
instrumental	-ией, -иею, -и́ей, -и́ею -ijej, -ijeju, -íjej, -íjeju	-иями, -и́ями -ijami, -íjami
prepositional	-ии, -и́и -ii, -íi	-иях, -и́ях -ijax, -íjax

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ия

Descendants

→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic: -и (-i), -∅