bane

See also: Bane, bañe, bañé, banë, and báně

English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /beɪn/
- Audio (UK) (file)
Hyphenation: bane
Rhymes: -eɪn

Etymology 1

From Middle English bane, from Old English bana, from Proto-Germanic *banô (compare Old High German bano (“death”), Icelandic bani (“bane, death”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰon-on-, from the o-grade of *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”).

Noun

bane (countable and uncountable, plural banes)

A cause of misery or death.
Synonyms: affliction, curse
Antonym: boon
the bane of one's existence
- [1633], George Herbert, “Avarice”, in [Nicholas Ferrar], editor, The Temple: Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], OCLC 1048966979; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, […], 1885, OCLC 54151361, page 69:
  Money, thou bane of bliſſe, & ſourſe of wo, / Whence com'ſt thou, that thou art ſo freſh and fine? / I know thy parentage is baſe and low: / Man found thee poore and dirtie in a mine.
- 1961 September, B. Perren, “The Tilbury Line serves industrial North Thameside”, in Modern Railways, page 556:
  At Barking, previously the bane of L.T.S. operating staff, the new works have now simplified the working of traffic from four converging routes in the area.
(dated) Poison, especially any of several poisonous plants.
(obsolete) A killer, murderer, slayer.
(obsolete) Destruction; death.
- 1650, [John Milton], “Intitled to the Prince of Wales”, in ΈΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΑΣΤΗΣ [Éikonoklastēs]. […], new (2nd) edition, London: […] G. Kearsly, […], published 1770, OCLC 1069331418, pages 272–273:
  [I]f now again intoxicated and moaped with theſe royal, and therefore ſo delicious becauſe royal rudiments of bondate, the cup of deception, ſpiced and tempered to their bane, they ſhould deliver up themſelves to theſe glozing words and illuſions of him, whoſe rage and utmoſt violence they have ſuſtained, and overcome ſo nobly.
A disease of sheep.
Synonym: rot

Derived terms

a boon and a bane
a boon or a bane
Austrian leopard's bane (Doronicum austriacum)
-bane
baneberry (Actaea spp.)
baneful
bane of one's existence
bane of one's life
bollan bane
boon and bane
boon or bane
common dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium)
dog bane (Coleus comosus, syn. Plectranthus ornatus)
dogs-bane
leopard's bane (Doronicum spp. et al.)
libbard's bane
tippler's bane
wolf's bane
wolfsbane (Aconitum spp.)

Translations

killer — see killer

source of harm or ruin; affliction

Bulgarian: зло (bg) (zlo), напаст (bg) (napast)
Catalan: desgràcia (ca) f, flagell (ca) m
Danish: bane
Dutch: verderf (nl) n
Finnish: vitsaus (fi), kirous (fi), riesa (fi), maanvaiva
French: fléau (fr) m, drame (fr) m, cauchemar (fr) m, calamité (fr) f
German: Ruin (de) m, Verderben (de) n
Greek:
Ancient: δήλημα n (dḗlēma), ὄλεθρος m (ólethros)
Hungarian: rontás, csapás (hu)
Irish: urbhaidh f (literary)
Italian: rovina (it) f, flagello (it) m, piaga (it) f, disgrazia (it) f, sventura (it) f
Norwegian:
Bokmål: bane (no) m
Portuguese: desgraça (pt) f, flagelo (pt) m
Russian: зло (ru) n (zlo), напа́сть (ru) f (napástʹ), бич (ru) m (bič), прокля́тие (ru) n (prokljátije), ги́бель (ru) f (gíbelʹ)
Spanish: desgracia (es) f, maldición (es) f, ruina (es) f, perdición (es) f
Turkish: felaket (tr), yıkım (tr)
Ukrainian: напасть f (napastʹ), прокляття (uk) n (prokljattja), зло n (zlo), загибель (uk) f (zahybelʹ)

Verb

bane (third-person singular simple present banes, present participle baning, simple past and past participle baned)

(transitive) To kill, especially by poison; to be the poison of.
(transitive) To be the bane of.

Translations

to (kill by) poison — see poison

to be the poison of

Spanish: envenenar (es), intoxicar (es)

to be the bane of

Dutch: verderven (nl), ruïneren (nl)
Finnish: tärvellä (fi); vaivata (fi)
German: ruinieren (de)
Norwegian: bane (no) m
Spanish: maldecir (es), arruinar (es)

Etymology 2

From Middle English ban (northern dialect), from Old English bān.

Noun

bane (plural banes)

(chiefly Scotland) Bone.
- 1686, "Lyke-Wake Dirge" as printed in The Oxford Book of English Verse (1900) p. 361:
  The fire will burn thee to the bare bane.

References

Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
bane at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

Bean, Bena, bean, nabe

Danish

Etymology 1

Old Norse bani

Noun

bane

bane, person/thing/event that kills someone or something

Noun

bane

track
trajectory

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Verb

bane

(archaic) singular present subjunctive of banen

Japanese

Romanization

bane

Rōmaji transcription of ばね

Latin

Noun

bane

vocative singular of banus

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish bán, from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Adjective

bane (plural baney, comparative baney)

white, blank, pallid
Er cabbylbane va mee. ― My mount was a white horse.
Haink daahbane yn aggle er. ― He blanched with fear.
fair, blonde
Shen IlliamBane. ― That's fair-haired William.
fallow
Faag y magherbane. ― Leave the field lea.

Derived terms

ard-firryn bane (“white deadnettle”)
caillagh vane (“smew”)
fo-vane (“whitish”)
hullad vane (“barn owl, white owl”)
immyr vane (“balk”)
pibbin vane (“fulmar”)
urley bane (“gyrfalcon”)
Yn Vooir Vane (“the White Sea”)

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bane	vane	mane
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bane”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō.

Noun

bāne f

open field, battlefield
lane, track (for playing balls)
road, way, path

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Dutch: baan
- Afrikaans: baan
- → Indonesian: ban
Limburgish: baan

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *bano, from Proto-Germanic *banô.

Noun

bāne f or m

harm, pain

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English bana, from Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô.

Alternative forms

ban, bayn, beone, bone

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbaːn(ə)/

Noun

bane (plural banes)

murderer, slayer
bane, destroyer

Descendants

English: bane
Scots: bane, baine, bain, bayn, bone

References

“bāne, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Noun

bane (plural banes)

Alternative form of bon

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German bane, compare with German Bahn.

Noun

bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural baner, definite plural banene)

a trajectory
a railway line
a sports field
a racing track
orbit (of a satellite, including the moon)

Synonyms

(orbit): omløpsbane

Derived terms

Terms derived from bane

badmintonbane
énskinnebane m (“monorail”)
forstadsbane
fotballbane
galoppbane m (“racetrack, race course”) (for horses)
golfbane m (“golf course”)
gondolbane
hjemmebane

høyhastighetsbane
jernbane m (“railway, railroad”)
kunstgressbane
løpebane
omløpsbane
privatbane
racerbane m (“racetrack”)
rullebane m (“runway”)

sidebane m (“branch line”)
skøytebane
stambane
taubane
tennisbane m (“tennis court”)
tunnelbane m, T-bane m (“underground, subway, metro”)
undergrunnsbane
veibane

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bani.

Noun

bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural baner, definite plural banene)

death (by murder)

Etymology 3

From Middle Low German bane, compare with German bahnen.

Verb

bane (imperative ban, present tense baner, passive banes, simple past bana or banet or bante, past participle bana or banet or bant, present participle banende)

to pave, as in
bane vei for - pave the way for

References

“bane” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German bane, compare with German Bahn.

Noun

bane m or f (definite singular banen or bana, indefinite plural banar or baner, definite plural banane or banene)

a trajectory
a railway line
a sports field
a racing track
orbit (of a satellite, including the moon)

Derived terms

Terms derived from bane

badmintonbane
forstadsbane
fotballbane
galoppbane m (“racetrack, race course”) (for horses)
golfbane m or f (“golf course”)
gondolbane
jarnbane m or f, jernbane m or f (“railway, railroad”)

kunstgrasbane
laupebane, løpebane
privatbane
racerbane m (“racetrack”)
rullebane m or f (“runway”)
sidebane m or f (“branch line”)

skeisebane, skøytebane
stambane
taubane
tennisbane m or f (“tennis court”)
tunnelbane m or f, T-bane m or f (“underground, subway, metro”)
undergrunnsbane

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bani.

Noun

bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural banar, definite plural banane)

death (by murder)

Etymology 3

From Middle Low German bane.

Alternative forms

bana

Verb

bane (present tense banar, past tense bana, past participle bana, passive infinitive banast, present participle banande, imperative bane/ban)

to pave, as in
bane veg for - pave the way for

References

“bane” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Frisian

Bāna.

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō. Cognates include Old English bēan, Old Saxon bōna and Old Dutch *bōna.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbaːne/

Noun

bāne f

bean

Descendants

North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: buan
Saterland Frisian: Boone
West Frisian: bean, beane, beanne

References

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Portuguese

Verb

bane

inflection of banir:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English bane, from Old English bān, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ben]
(Doric Scots) IPA^(key): [bin], [bein]

Noun

bane (plural banes)

(anatomy) bone, limb

Derived terms

banie (“bony”)
breestbane (“breastbone”)
clatter banes (“castanets”)
dirlie-bane (“funny bone”)
fortuin bane, thochtbane (“wishbone”)
hausebane (“collarbone”)
hurkle-bane (“hip bone”)
marrae-bane (“marrowbone”)
near the bane (“tight-fisted”)
rickle o banes (“an emaciated, broken-down person or animal”)
rumple-bane (“rump-bone, coccyx”)
shackle-bane (“wrist”)
spaul-bane (“shoulder blade”)
thee-bane (“thighbone”)

Swedish

Etymology

As a simplex noun a borrowing from Old Swedish bani, from Old Norse bani, from Proto-Germanic *banô, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰon-on-, from the o-grade of *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”). Cognate to English bane, Icelandic bani.

The word can be regarded as a reborrowing from Old Swedish mediaeval literature. It is not attested in writing in the 16th and 17th centuries, but was reinforced due to its usage in the mediaeval Swedish country laws, which were in use until the 18th century. During the 17th century its usage is usually accompanied by a definition explaining the meaning. It was revived in the late 17th century due to the resurging interest in the middle ages and the Icelandic sagas, cf. other Icelandic loans from the same era, e.g. idrott, skald, dyrd. Already in SAOB (1899) it is regarded as archaic or literary and mostly used in a few set phrases.

The word survived in the compound baneman (“slayer, murderer”), which is attested from the 16th and 17th centuries, and dialectally in the southern Swedish word hönsbane (“henbane, Hyoscyamus niger”), in standard Swedish bolmört.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²bɑːnɛ/

Noun

bane c (indeclinable)

(archaic) cause of someone’s (violent) death; bane

1830, Fredrika Bremer, Mary Howitt, transl., Familjen H*** [The H— family]‎:
Din egen passionerade själ — se där draken, mot vilken du bör strida, vars eld skall förtära dig och bliva andras bane, om den ej kväves.
[…]thy own impassioned soul! Behold the dragon with which thou oughtest to contend—whose fire will consume thee, and be the bane of others, if thou do not subject it.

Derived terms

banehugg
baneman
banesår
hönsbane

References

bane in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
bane in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

bena

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English bane, from Old English bān, from Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Noun

bane

bone

References

Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 24

bane

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

References

Anagrams

Danish

Etymology 1

Noun

Noun

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

Japanese

Romanization

Latin

Noun

Manx

Etymology

Adjective

Derived terms

Mutation

See also

References

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

Noun

Inflection

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Inflection

Further reading

Middle English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

References

Noun

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Verb

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Verb

References

Old Frisian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

References

Portuguese

Verb

Scots

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun