икра

икра

Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьkrā, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yékʷr̥.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈikra]
• Hyphenation: ик‧ра

Noun

икра • (ikra) f (plural икри)

1. roe (fish eggs)
2. caviar
3. (usually in the plural) calf of the leg, (musculus gastrocnemius) gastrocnemius muscle

Declension

Declension of икра

	singular	plural
indefinite	икра	икри
definite unspecified	икрата	икрите
definite proximal	икрава	икриве
definite distal	икрана	икрине
vocative	икро	икри

See also

• риба f (riba)

References

• “икра” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

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Old Ruthenian

икра́

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic икра́ (ikrá), from Proto-Slavic *jьkrà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrāˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥, from *Hyekʷ-. Cognate with Russian икра́ (ikrá), Old Church Slavonic икра (ikra).

Noun

и҆кра̀ • (ikrá) f inan

1. caviar, roe

Descendants

• Belarusian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe”)
• Rusyn: икра́ (ykrá, “caviar, roe”)
• Ukrainian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; cow udder”)
  • ⇒ Ukrainian: ікри́ця f (ikrýcja, “caviar, roe”) (obsolete, dialectal)
  • ⇒ Ukrainian: гыкра́к m (hykrák, “fish with roe”) (West Polesian dialect)
  • ⇒ Ukrainian: кри́ц’а f (krýcʺa, “hard oily clay; cast iron”) (Boyko dialect)

Further reading

• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “*икра”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1: А – М, Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 430
• Voitiv, H. V., editor (2006), “икра”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), issue 13 (и – іюнь), Lviv: Krypiakevych I.U.S., →ISBN, page 99
• Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1996), “икра”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 14 (игде – катуючий), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, →ISBN, page 86
• Tymchenko, E. K. (2002), “икра”, in Nimchuk, V. V., editor, Матеріали до словника писемної та книжної української мови XV–XVIII ст.: у 2-х кн. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of the 15ᵗʰ–18ᵗʰ cc.: in 2 bks.] (Пам'ятки української мови) (in Ukrainian), volume 1: А – Н, Kyiv, New York: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., →ISBN, page 347

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Russian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic икра (ikra), from Proto-Slavic *jьkrā, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yékʷr̥.[1] Compare the semantic development of English roe; however, this is not an etymological cognate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɪˈkra]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

икра́ • (ikrá) f inan (genitive икры́, nominative plural и́кры, genitive plural икр)

1. (only singular) roe, spawn (of fish), also small eggs of frogs or other amphibia

   мета́тьикру́ ― metátʹ ikrú ― to spawn

2. (only singular) caviar (as food)

   зерни́стаяикра́ ― zernístaja ikrá ― soft caviar

   ке́товаяикра́ ― kétovaja ikrá ― red caviar, ikra

   у́стричнаяикра́ ― ústričnaja ikrá ― spat

3. (figuratively, only singular) paste (dish of mushrooms or vegetables minced into small particles)

   баклажа́ннаяикра́ ― baklažánnaja ikrá ― aubergine paste

   кабачко́ваяикра́ ― kabačkóvaja ikrá ― marrow paste

   грибна́яикра́ ― gribnája ikrá ― mushroom paste

4. (usually in the plural) calf of the leg, (musculus gastrocnemius) gastrocnemius muscle

   игра́тьи́крами

   igrátʹ íkrami

   to repeatedly quickly tense and relax the calves of the legs

   (literally, “to play with the calves”)

5. (obsolete) drifting ice floe (especially on a river)

Declension

Declension of икра́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	икра́ ikrá	и́кры íkry
genitive	икры́ ikrý	и́кр íkr
dative	икре́ ikré	и́крам íkram
accusative	икру́ ikrú	и́кры íkry
instrumental	икро́й, икро́ю ikrój, ikróju	и́крами íkrami
prepositional	икре́ ikré	и́крах íkrax

Pre-reform declension of икра́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	икра́ ikrá	и́кры íkry
genitive	икры́ ikrý	и́кръ íkr
dative	икрѣ́ ikrě́	и́крамъ íkram
accusative	икру́ ikrú	и́кры íkry
instrumental	икро́й, икро́ю ikrój, ikróju	и́крами íkrami
prepositional	икрѣ́ ikrě́	и́крахъ íkrax

Descendants

• Japanese: イクラ (ikura, “salmon roe”)
  • → Indonesian: ikura
• Korean: 이크라 (ikeura)

References

1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 504, partial translation

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьkra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yékʷr̥.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /îkra/
• Hyphenation: и‧кра

Noun

и̏кра f (Latin spelling ȉkra)

1. (uncountable) roe (fish)
2. (uncountable) caviar

Declension

Declension of икра

	singular
nominative	икра
genitive	икре
dative	икри
accusative	икру
vocative	икро
locative	икри
instrumental	икром