-ивш
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ivъšь, past active participle ending of i-conj. verbs.
Suffix
-ивш • (-ivš)
- (dated, obsolete) Deverbial from i-conj. verbs expressing a resultant or a quality induced by a past activity:
- пече́ля (pečélja, “to earn; to win”) → печели́вш (pečelívš, “winning”)
- честя́ (čestjá, “to get frequent”) → чести́вш (čestívš)/части́вш (častívš, “frequently occurring”) (dialectal)
- градя́ (gradjá, “to build, construct”) → гради́вш (gradívš, “structural”) (dated)
- плодя́ (plodjá, “to begot, to spawn”) → плоди́вш (plodívš, “fertile”) (dated)
Usage notes
In Modern Bulgarian, the derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as normal adjectives. The past active participle construction has been lost.
Alternative forms
- -ив (-iv) (without emphatic -ш)
- -их (-ih) (dialectal, from an earlier -ꙑхъ (-yxŭ))
Derived terms
- -авост (-avost)
- -ивен (-iven)
Related terms
- -вш (-vš), -ш (-š)
- -авш (-avš), -ав (-av)
- -евш (-evš), -ев (-ev)
- -явш (-javš), -яв (-jav)
References
- St. Stoyanov (1983), “Прилагателни имена от причастия”, in Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език, volume 2, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 150