добръ
Old Church Slavonic
Alternative forms
- Glagolitic: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *dobrъ, from Proto-Slavic *dobь ("age, time"), meaning that good is what occurs at the appropriate time.
Adjective
добръ • (dobrŭ)
- good
- Antonyms: недобръ (nedobrŭ), зълъ (zŭlŭ)
- easy
- from Vita Methodii, 1000200-1000210:
- и тако и поустиша, рекъше Коцьлоу аще сего имаши оу себе, не избоудеши насъ добрѣ.
- i tako i pustiša, rekŭše Kocĭlu ašte sego imaši u sebe, ne izbudeši nasŭ dobrě.
- So they released him, saying to Kocel: If you keep this man with you, you shall not escape easily from us.
- from Vita Methodii, 1000200-1000210:
Declension
Declension of добръ (masculine indefinite, hard o-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | добръ dobrŭ | добра dobra | добри dobri |
| Accusative | добръ dobrŭ | добра dobra | добрꙑ dobry |
| Genitive | добра dobra | доброу dobru | добръ dobrŭ |
| Locative | добрѣ dobrě | доброу dobru | добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ |
| Dative | доброу dobru | доброма dobroma | добромъ dobromŭ |
| Instrumental | добромь dobromĭ | доброма dobroma | добрꙑ dobry |
| Vocative | добре dobre | добра dobra | добри dobri |
Declension of добръ (neuter indefinite, hard o-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | добро dobro | добрѣ dobrě | добра dobra |
| Accusative | добро dobro | добрѣ dobrě | добра dobra |
| Genitive | добра dobra | доброу dobru | добръ dobrŭ |
| Locative | добрѣ dobrě | доброу dobru | добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ |
| Dative | доброу dobru | доброма dobroma | добромъ dobromŭ |
| Instrumental | добромь dobromĭ | доброма dobroma | добрꙑ dobry |
| Vocative | добро dobro | добрѣ dobrě | добра dobra |
Declension of добръ (feminine indefinite, hard a-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | добра dobra | добрѣ dobrě | добрꙑ dobry |
| Accusative | добрѫ dobrǫ | добрѣ dobrě | добрꙑ dobry |
| Genitive | добрꙑ dobry | доброу dobru | добръ dobrŭ |
| Locative | добрѣ dobrě | доброу dobru | добрахъ dobraxŭ |
| Dative | добрѣ dobrě | добрама dobrama | добрамъ dobramŭ |
| Instrumental | доброѭ dobrojǫ | добрама dobrama | добрами dobrami |
| Vocative | добро dobro | добрѣ dobrě | добрꙑ dobry |
Declension of добръ (masculine definite, hard o-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | добрꙑи dobryj | добраꙗ dobraja | добрии dobrij |
| Accusative | добрꙑи dobryj | добраꙗ dobraja | добрꙑѩ dobryję |
| Genitive | добраѥго dobrajego | доброую dobruju | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ |
| Locative | добрѣѥмь dobrějemĭ | доброую dobruju | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ |
| Dative | доброуѥмоу dobrujemu | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ |
| Instrumental | добрꙑимь dobryjmĭ | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑими dobryjmi |
| Vocative | добрꙑи dobryj | добраꙗ dobraja | добрии dobrij |
Declension of добръ (neuter definite, hard o-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | доброѥ dobroje | добрѣи dobrěj | добраꙗ dobraja |
| Accusative | доброѥ dobroje | добрѣи dobrěj | добраꙗ dobraja |
| Genitive | добраѥго dobrajego | доброую dobruju | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ |
| Locative | добрѣѥмь dobrějemĭ | доброую dobruju | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ |
| Dative | доброуѥмоу dobrujemu | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ |
| Instrumental | добрꙑимь dobryjmĭ | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑими dobryjmi |
| Vocative | доброѥ dobroje | добрѣи dobrěj | добраꙗ dobraja |
Declension of добръ (feminine definite, hard a-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | добраꙗ dobraja | добрѣи dobrěj | добрꙑѩ dobryję |
| Accusative | добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ | добрѣи dobrěj | добрꙑѩ dobryję |
| Genitive | добрꙑѩ dobryję | доброую dobruju | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ |
| Locative | добрѣи dobrěj | доброую dobruju | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ |
| Dative | добрѣи dobrěj | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ |
| Instrumental | добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑими dobryjmi |
| Vocative | добраꙗ dobraja | добрѣи dobrěj | добрꙑѩ dobryję |
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| лоучии (lučij) | лоуче (luče) | лоучьши (lučĭši) | лоучьше (lučĭše) |
Alternative:
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| оунии (unij) | оуне (une) | оуньши (unĭši) | оуньше (unĭše) |
Derived terms
- добродѣтель (dobrodětelĭ)
- добро (dobro)
- добровольство (dobrovolĭstvo)
- добровоние (dobrovonie)
- доброгодьнъ (dobrogodĭnŭ)
- добродавьць (dobrodavĭcĭ)
- добродарие (dobrodarie)
- добродѣꙗние (dobrodějanie)
- добродѣꙗнъ (dobrodějanŭ)
- добродѣꙗти (dobrodějati)
- доброискоусьнъ (dobroiskusĭnŭ)
- доброличьнъ (dobroličĭnŭ)
- доброобразьнъ (dobroobrazĭnŭ)
- добропотрѣбьнъ (dobropotrěbĭnŭ)
- доброприимати (dobroprijmati)
- добропѫтьнѣ (dobropǫtĭně)
- доброразоумивъ (dobrorazumivŭ)
- доброродьнъ (dobrorodĭnŭ)
- добрость (dobrostĭ)
- доброта (dobrota)
- доброчьстивъ (dobročĭstivŭ)
- доброчьстие (dobročĭstie)
- издобрити (izdobriti)
- любодоброта (ljubodobrota)
- прѣдобро (prědobro)
References
- S. C. Gardiner, Old church Slavonic: an elementary grammar, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
- Бояджиев, Андрей (2016) Старобългарска читанка, София
Old East Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *dòbrъ. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic добръ (dobrŭ) and Old Polish dobry.
Pronunciation
- (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈdoːbrʊ/
- (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈdoːbrʊ/
- (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈdɔːbr/, /ˈdoːbr/
- Hyphenation: до‧бръ
Adjective
добръ (dobrŭ)
- good
- 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik, page 1:
- Добро есть, братиѥ, почѥтаньѥ книжьноѥ։ паче вьсѧкомоу хрьстьꙗноу·
- Dobro estĭ, bratije, počjetanĭje knižĭnoje։ pače vĭsękomu xrĭstĭjanu·
- The reading of books is good, brothers: more so for any Christian.
-
Declension
Short declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | |
| Nominative | добръ dobrŭ | добро dobro | добра dobra | добра dobra | добрѣ dobrě | добри dobri | добра dobra | добрꙑ dobry | |
| Genitive | добра dobra | добрꙑ dobry | добру dobru | добру dobru | добръ dobrŭ | добръ dobrŭ | |||
| Dative | добру dobru | добрѣ dobrě | доброма dobroma | добрама dobrama | добромъ dobromŭ | добрамъ dobramŭ | |||
| Accusative | добръ dobrŭ | добро dobro | добрѫ dobrǫ | добра dobra | добрѣ dobrě | добри dobri | добра dobra | добрꙑ dobry | |
| Instrumental | добръмь dobrŭmĭ | доброѭ dobrojǫ | доброма dobroma | добрама dobrama | добрꙑ dobry | добрами dobrami | |||
| Locative | добрѣ dobrě | добрѣ dobrě | добру dobru | добру dobru | добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ | добрахъ dobraxŭ | |||
Long declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | |
| Nominative | добрꙑи dobryj | доброе dobroe | добраꙗ dobraja | добраꙗ dobraja | добрѣи dobrěj | добрии dobrij | добраꙗ dobraja | добрꙑѣ dobryě | |
| Genitive | доброго dobrogo | добрꙑѣ dobryě | добрую dobruju | добрую dobruju | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ | |||
| Dative | доброму dobromu | доброи dobroi | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ | добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ | |||
| Accusative | добрꙑи dobryj | доброе dobroe | добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ | добраꙗ dobraja | добрѣи dobrěj | добрꙑѣ dobryě | добраꙗ dobraja | добрꙑѣ dobryě | |
| Instrumental | добрꙑимь dobryjmĭ | доброѭ dobrojǫ | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑима dobryjma | добрꙑими dobryjmi | добрꙑими dobryjmi | |||
| Locative | добромь dobromĭ | доброи dobroi | добрую dobruju | добрую dobruju | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ | добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ | |||
Descendants
- Old Ruthenian: до́брый (dóbryj)
- Belarusian: до́бры (dóbry)
- Rusyn: до́брый (dóbrŷj)
- Ukrainian: до́брий (dóbryj)
- Russian: до́брый (dóbryj)
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “добръ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1: А – К, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 681