-джия

-джия

Bulgarian

Etymology

Grammaticalization of the Turkish marker Turkish -ci/-cü (when appended to stems with front root vowel), -cı/-cu (when appended to stems with back root vowel). Mainly encountered with Ottoman Turkish loanwords; however, derivatives from native words are also attested.

Morphologically, the suffix is declined as feminine; however, semantically, the derived terms are interpreted as masculine.

Suffix

-джия • (-džija) m

1. Forms nouns depicting a representative of profession or occupation: -er, -ist

   • лов (lov, “hunt”) → ловджия (lovdžija, “ловджия”)
   • чета (četa, “paramilitary troop, band”) → четаджия (četadžija, “member of troop”)
   • поща (pošta, “post”) → пощаджия (poštadžija, “postman”)
   • пазар (pazar, “market, bazaar”) → пазарджия (pazardžija, “tradesman”)

2. Forms nouns depicting a maker or applier of some product: -er, -ist

   • аба (aba, “frieze, rug”) → абаджия (abadžija, “tailor, weaver of friezes”)
   • джам (džam, “window, glass”) → джамджия (džamdžija, “glazier”)
   • боя (boja, “dye, paint”) → бояджия (bojadžija, “painter”)
   • чорба (čorba, “soup”) → чорбаджия (čorbadžija, “colonel, military commander”) (lit. soup cook)

3. Forms nouns depicting an applier of some practice:

   • муфта (mufta, “something free, costless”) → муфтаджия (muftadžija, “cadger, scrounger”)
   • скандал (skandal, “scandal”) → скандалджия (skandaldžija, “one who causes scandals”)

4. Forms nouns depicting an owner of property:

   • хан (han, “inn, tavern”) → ханджия (handžija, “owner of inn, tavern”)
   • мандра (mandra, “dairy farm”) → мандраджия (mandradžija, “owner of dairy”)

5. Forms nouns depicting a member of group, denoted by an abbreviation:

   • КАТ (KAT, “police administration”) → катаджия (katadžija, “street policeman”)
   • ТИМ (TIM, “TIM (Bulgarian holding company)”) → тимаджия (timadžija, “member, employee of ТИМ”)
   • ГЕРБ (GERB, “GERB (Bulgarian political party)”) → гербаджия (gerbadžija, “politician from GERB”)
   • ТИР (TIR, “transit international routier”) → тираджия (tiradžija, “driver of TIR”)

Usage notes

Applied to stems ending in a vowel or a voiced consonant. When appended to abbreviations, which obey the phonotactic rules of Bulgarain (i.e. resemble an actual word), -а- is inserted between the stem and the suffix.

Inflection

Inflection of -джия

	singular	plural
indefinite	-джия	-джии
definite	-джията	-джиите
vocative form	-джийо	-джии

Alternative forms

• -джийка f (-džijka)
• -джийче n (-džijče) – diminutive
• -чия m (-čija), -чийка f (-čijka) – after voiceless consonants

Related terms

• -шия (-šija, “pertaining to”) (from Turkish -şu)
• -лия (-lija, “of, from”) (from Turkish -li, -lu)