де
See also: дэ, дэ’, and Appendix:Variations of "de"
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dɛ]
Etymology 1
Contraction of къде́ (kǎdé).
Conjunction
де • (de)
- (colloquial) where
- Synonym: къде́ (kǎdé)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Interjection
де • (de) (colloquial)
- indeed (to emphasize a statement)
- даде, знам
- da de, znam
- yeah, indeed I know
- no way (to deny a statement)
- come on (to express encouragement, used at the end of a clause)
- върви́де!
- vǎrví de!
- come on, go!
- to express clarification, used at the end of a clause; that is
- Пе́тър, брат миде, дойде́.
- Pétǎr, brat mi de, dojdé.
- Peter, my brother that is, came.
Chechen
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Nakh *de.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɛ/
Noun
де • (de) class d
- day
Etymology 2
Akin to Ingush вe (ve).
Verb
де • (de)
- to kill
Ingush
Etymology
Akin to Chechen да (da).
Verb
де • (de)
- to do
Macedonian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek δή (dḗ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dɛ]
Particle
де • (de)
- A particle expressing nonchalance, used to emphasize that something is irrelevant, already known, or expected.
- - Си купив нови очила.
- Знам де, ми се пофали веќе.- - Si kupiv novi očila.
- Znam de, mi se pofali veḱe. - - I have bought new glasses.
- I know, you already boasted to me about it earlier.
- - Si kupiv novi očila.
- - Кога ќе ги сретнеме пак, ќе им се пожалиме.
- Да де.- - Koga ḱe gi sretneme pak, ḱe im se požalime.
- Da de. - - When we meet them again, we'll complain to them.
- Yes, I know.
- - Koga ḱe gi sretneme pak, ḱe im se požalime.
- Само се сопнав де - не е дека скршив нешто. ― Samo se sopnav de - ne e deka skršiv nešto. ― I just tripped - it's not as if I fractured something.
See also
- бе (be)
Russian
Etymology
From Old East Slavic дѣеть (děetĭ, “to say”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dʲe]
Audio (file)
Particle
де • (de)
- (colloquial) says (used informally to mark reported speech)
- Она́-де не зна́ла. ― Oná-de ne znála. ― She says she didn’t know.
- Я-де сам винова́т ― Ja-de sam vinovát ― I say it's my own fault.
- 1876, князь Владимир Петрович Мещерский, “Русскому дворянству”, in Речи консерватора:
- И да не смущаетъ себя́ дворяни́нъ-помѣщикъ мыслiю, что е́сли онъ оди́нъ себѣ скажетъ все э́ти здравыя мы́сли – толку не будетъ, а что-де надо надо многимъ собра́ться и э́ти мы́сли вы́сказать общимъ собранiемъ.
- I da ne smuščajet sebjá dvorjanín-poměščik mysliju, što jésli on odín sebě skažet vse éti zdravyja mýsli – tolku ne budet, a što-de nado nado mnogim sobrátʹsja i éti mýsli výskazatʹ obščim sobranijem.
- The noble landlord shouldn't confuse himself by the thought that would he tell all those sensible thoughts by himself it won't make any sense but many should gather and tell all those thoughts by full gathering.
- Synonyms: говори́т (govorít), говоря́т (govorját), де́скать (déskatʹ), мол (mol)
Rusyn
Adverb
де • (de)
- where
- Сформованя школьской системы в регіонах, де вни жыють.
- Sformovanja školʹskoj systemŷ v rehionax, de vny žŷjutʹ.
- Formation of the school system in the places where they live.
Further reading
- Kercha, Ihor (2012), “де”, in Словник русько-русинськый: у 2 т. [Russian-Rusyn Dictionary: in 2 vols] (in Russian, Rusyn), Uzhhorod: PoliPrint
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kъdě, *kъde, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷu-dʰe.
Adverb
де (Latin spelling de)
- (Kajkavian, regional) where
Pronoun
де (Latin spelling de)
- (Kajkavian, regional) where
Synonyms
- гдје
Ukrainian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kъde.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dɛ]
Audio (file)
Adverb
де • (de)
- (interrogative) where
- Де ти тепе́р ме́шкаєш?
- De ty tepér méškaješ?
- Where do you live now?
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “де”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka