град

град

See also: гряд and grad

Belarusian

Etymology

From Old Belarusian градъ (hrad), from Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɣrat]

Noun

град • (hrad) m inan (genitive гра́ду, uncountable)

1. (meteorology) hail

Declension

Declension of град (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	град hrad
genitive	гра́ду hrádu
dative	гра́ду hrádu
accusative	град hrad
instrumental	гра́дам hrádam
locative	гра́дзе hrádzje

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “град”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “град”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

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Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡrat]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos.

Noun

град • (grad) m (related adjective гра́дски)

1. town, city

Declension

Declension of град

	singular	plural
indefinite	град grad	градове́, гради́ща1 gradové, gradíšta1
definite (subject form)	градъ́т gradǎ́t	градове́те, гради́щата1 gradovéte, gradíštata1
definite (object form)	града́ gradá
count form	—	гра́да gráda
vocative form	гра́де gráde	градове́, гради́ща1 gradové, gradíšta1

¹Rare.

See also

• се́ло n (sélo)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d- or *ǵʰreh₃d-.

Noun

град • (grad) m

1. hail, hailstorm

Declension

Declension of град

	singular
indefinite	град grad
definite (subject form)	градъ́т gradǎ́t
definite (object form)	града́ gradá

Noun

град • (grad) m

1. grad (unit of measurement)

Declension

Declension of град

	singular	plural
indefinite	град grad	гра́ди grádi
definite (subject form)	гра́дът grádǎt	гра́дите grádite
definite (object form)	гра́да gráda
count form	—	гра́да gráda

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Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡrat]

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: град

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ.

Noun

град • (grad) m (plural градови, related adjective градски, diminutive гратче or градец, augmentative градиште)

1. city, town

Declension

Declension of град

	singular	plural
indefinite	град	градови
definite unspecified	градот	градовите
definite proximal	градов	градовиве
definite distal	градон	градовине
vocative	граду	градови
count form	—	града

Derived terms

• велеград m (velegrad)
• главен град m (glaven grad)
• градоначалник m (gradonačalnik)
• градоначалничка f (gradonačalnička)
• градоначалнички (gradonačalnički)
• граѓанец m (graǵanec)
• граѓанин m (graǵanin)
• граѓанка f (graǵanka)
• меѓуградски (meǵugradski)
• приградски (prigradski)
• сограѓанин m (sograǵanin)
• сограѓанка f (sograǵanka)

 

Related terms

• градба f (gradba)
• градежен (gradežen)
• градежништво n (gradežništvo)
• гради (gradi)
• градилиште n (gradilište)
• заграда f (zagrada)
• зграда f (zgrada)
• изгради (izgradi)

 

See also

• општина f (opština)
• село n (selo)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

Noun

град • (grad) m (uncountable)

1. hail (balls of ice)

Declension

Declension of град

	singular
indefinite	град
definite unspecified	градот
definite proximal	градов
definite distal	градон
vocative	граду

See also

• дожд m (dožd)
• снег m (sneg)

References

• “град” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

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Russian

Alternative forms

• градъ (grad) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology 1

From Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

Cognate with Lithuanian gruodas (Proto-Balto-Slavic *grōda-), Latin grandō, Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut), Sanskrit ह्रादुनि (hrāduni, “hail”) and possibly with English grind.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡrat]
• Rhymes: -at

Noun

град • (grad) m inan (genitive гра́да, uncountable, diminutive гра́дик)

1. (meteorology) hail

   Град идёт ― Grad idjót ― It’s hailing.

2. volley, shower

   град пуль ― grad pulʹ ― hail of bullets

Declension

Declension of град (inan sg-only masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular
nominative	гра́д grád
genitive	гра́да gráda
dative	гра́ду grádu
accusative	гра́д grád
instrumental	гра́дом grádom
prepositional	гра́де gráde

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ), which is a reflex of Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ. Doublet of го́род (górod), which was normally inherited by pleophony. Old Church Slavonic word shows liquid metathesis characteristic of South Slavic area.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡrat]

Noun

град • (grad) m inan (genitive гра́да, nominative plural гра́ды, genitive plural гра́дов)

1. (poetic, archaic) town, city, used as a common city name suffix (Волгоград, Калининград, Ленинград)

   стольныйград ― stolʹnyj grad ― capital (city) (modern Russian: столи́ца (stolíca))

   Synonym: (regular term) го́род (górod)

Declension

Declension of град (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	гра́д grád	гра́ды grády
genitive	гра́да gráda	гра́дов grádov
dative	гра́ду grádu	гра́дам grádam
accusative	гра́д grád	гра́ды grády
instrumental	гра́дом grádom	гра́дами grádami
prepositional	гра́де gráde	гра́дах grádax

Related terms

• го́род (górod)
• -град (-grad)

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâːd/

Noun

гра̑д m (Latin spelling grȃd)

1. city, town
2. fortress, castle
3. (usually after the proposition у) downtown, city centre

Declension

Declension of град

	singular	plural
nominative	гра̑д	гра̏дови
genitive	гра̑да	гра̏до̄ва̄
dative	гра̑ду	гра̏довима
accusative	гра̑д	гра̏дове
vocative	гра̑де	гра̏дови
locative	гра́ду	гра̏довима
instrumental	гра̑дом	гра̏довима

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d- or *ǵʰreh₃d-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâd/

Noun

гра̏д m (Latin spelling grȁd)

1. hail

Declension

Declension of град

	singular	plural
nominative	град	гради
genitive	града	гради
dative	граду	градима
accusative	град	граде
vocative	граде	гради
locative	граду	градима
instrumental	градом	градима

Etymology 3

From Latin gradus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâːd/

Noun

гра̑д m (Latin spelling grȃd)

1. (mathematics) gradian
2. degree (measuring unit in various systems; the more usual and general term is сте̏пе̄н or сту̑пањ)

Declension

Declension of град

	singular	plural
nominative	гра̑д	гради
genitive	града	гра́дӣ / гра́да̄
dative	граду	градима
accusative	град	граде
vocative	граде	гради
locative	граду	градима
instrumental	градом	градима

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Ukrainian

Etymology

From Old Ukrainian градъ (hrad), from Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɦrad]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

град • (hrad) m inan (genitive гра́ду, nominative plural гра́ди, genitive plural гра́дів)

1. (meteorology) hail

Declension

Declension of град (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	град hrad	гра́ди hrády
genitive	гра́ду hrádu	гра́дів hrádiv
dative	гра́дові, гра́ду hrádovi, hrádu	гра́дам hrádam
accusative	град hrad	гра́ди hrády
instrumental	гра́дом hrádom	гра́дами hrádamy
locative	гра́ді hrádi	гра́дах hrádax
vocative	гра́де hráde	гра́ди hrády

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “град”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “град”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)