горча
Bulgarian
Etymology
Causative/iterative denominal from the adjective горък (gorǎk, “bitter, hot”) + -я (-ja).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡorˈt͡ʃa̟]
Verb
горча́ • (gorčá) impf
- (intransitive) to taste bitter
Conjugation
Conjugation of горча́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | горча́щ, горче́щ1 gorčášt, gorčéšt1 | горчи́л gorčíl | горча́л, горче́л1 gorčál, gorčél1 | горче́н gorčén | горче́йки gorčéjki | |
| definite subject form | горча́щият, горче́щият1 gorčáštijat, gorčéštijat1 | горчи́лият gorčílijat | — | горче́ният gorčénijat | |||
| definite object form | горча́щия, горче́щия1 gorčáštija, gorčéštija1 | горчи́лия gorčílija | — | горче́ния gorčénija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | горча́ща, горче́ща1 gorčášta, gorčéšta1 | горчи́ла gorčíla | горча́ла, горче́ла1 gorčála, gorčéla1 | горче́на gorčéna | ||
| definite | горча́щата, горче́щата1 gorčáštata, gorčéštata1 | горчи́лата gorčílata | — | горче́ната gorčénata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | горча́що, горче́що1 gorčášto, gorčéšto1 | горчи́ло gorčílo | горча́ло, горче́ло1 gorčálo, gorčélo1 | горче́но gorčéno | горче́не gorčéne | |
| definite | горча́щото, горче́щото1 gorčáštoto, gorčéštoto1 | горчи́лото gorčíloto | — | горче́ното gorčénoto | горче́нето gorčéneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | горча́щи, горче́щи1 gorčášti, gorčéšti1 | горчи́ли gorčíli | горча́ли, горче́ли1 gorčáli, gorčéli1 | горче́ни gorčéni | горче́ния, горче́нета gorčénija, gorčéneta | |
| definite | горча́щите, горче́щите1 gorčáštite, gorčéštite1 | горчи́лите gorčílite | — | горче́ните gorčénite | горче́нията, горче́нетата gorčénijata, gorčénetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | горча́ gorčá | горчи́ш gorčíš | горчи́ gorčí | горчи́м gorčím | горчи́те gorčíte | горча́т gorčát | |
| imperfect | горча́х, горче́х1 gorčáh, gorčéh1 | горче́ше gorčéše | горче́ше gorčéše | горча́хме, горче́хме1 gorčáhme, gorčéhme1 | горча́хте, горче́хте1 gorčáhte, gorčéhte1 | горча́ха, горче́ха1 gorčáha, gorčéha1 | |
| aorist | горчи́х gorčíh | горчи́ gorčí | горчи́ gorčí | горчи́хме gorčíhme | горчи́хте gorčíhte | горчи́ха gorčíha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use няма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use нямаше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and горча́л/горче́л1 m, горча́ла/горче́ла1 f, горча́ло/горче́ло1 n, or горча́ли/горче́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use нямало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and горча́л/горче́л1 m, горча́ла/горче́ла1 f, горча́ло/горче́ло1 n, or горча́ли/горче́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use нямало било да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | |||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and горча́л/горче́л1 m, горча́ла/горче́ла1 f, горча́ло/горче́ло1 n, or горча́ли/горче́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use нямало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъда and горчи́л m, горчи́ла f, горчи́ло n, or горчи́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| горчи́ gorčí | горче́те gorčéte | ||||||
1Largely fallen into disuse.
Derived terms
- огорча́ (ogorčá, “to aggrieve, distress”)
- огорче́н (ogorčén, “upset, aggrieved”)
- горчи́в (gorčív, “bitter”)
- горчи́лка (gorčílka, “bitter substance”)
References
- горча in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- горча in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)