врагъ
Old Church Slavonic
Alternative forms
- (Glagolitic): ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”).
Noun
врагъ • (vragŭ) m
- an enemy, foe
- XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
- ѣко придѫтъ дьнье на тѧ · и обложѧтъ врази твои · острогъ о тебѣ · и обидѫтъ тѧ · и окрочѧтъ тѧ в сѫду ·
- ěko pridǫtŭ dĭnĭe na tę · i obložętŭ vrazi tvoi · ostrogŭ o tebě · i obidǫtŭ tę · i okročętŭ tę v sǫdu ·
- For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
- from the Homily against the Bogumils, 181-184:
- аще бо земьнаѥго цѣсарꙗ врагомъ иже бѫдетъ дроугъ то нѣстъ и житию достоинъ нъ съ врагꙑ ѥго оумираѥтъ
- ašte bo zemĭnajego cěsarja vragomŭ iže bǫdetŭ drugŭ to něstŭ i žitiju dostoinŭ nŭ sŭ vragy jego umirajetŭ
- If a man who allies himself to the enemies of an earthly king does not even deserve to live, but is put to death along with them
- XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
- (figuratively) the devil
- Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “врага”, in Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Church Slavonic), page (leaf) 160.5, line 26, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
- […] ѿ съврьшивъшааго из устъ младеништемъ и съсѫштиимъ хвалѫ · раздроушити врага и мьстьника […]
- […] otŭ sŭvrĭšivŭšaago iz ustŭ mladeništemŭ i sŭsǫštijmŭ xvalǫ · razdrušiti vraga i mĭstĭnika […]
- […] from the one who made praise out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, that he mightest destroy the enemy and the avenger […]
- Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “врага”, in Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Church Slavonic), page (leaf) 160.5, line 26, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
Declension
Declension of врагъ (hard o-stem)
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | врагъ vragŭ | врага vraga | враѕи vradzi |
Accusative | врагъ, врага vragŭ, vraga | врага vraga | врагꙑ vragy |
Genitive | врага vraga | врагоу vragu | врагъ vragŭ |
Locative | враѕѣ vradzě | врагоу vragu | враѕѣхъ vradzěxŭ |
Dative | врагоу, врагови vragu, vragovi | врагома vragoma | врагомъ vragomŭ |
Instrumental | врагомь vragomĭ | врагома vragoma | врагꙑ vragy |
Vocative | враже vraže | врага vraga | враѕи vradzi |
Alternative:
Declension of врагъ (hard o-stem)
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | врагъ vragŭ | врага vraga | врази vrazi |
Accusative | врагъ, врага vragŭ, vraga | врага vraga | врагꙑ vragy |
Genitive | врага vraga | врагоу vragu | врагъ vragŭ |
Locative | вразѣ vrazě | врагоу vragu | вразѣхъ vrazěxŭ |
Dative | врагоу, врагови vragu, vragovi | врагома vragoma | врагомъ vragomŭ |
Instrumental | врагомь vragomĭ | врагома vragoma | врагꙑ vragy |
Vocative | враже vraže | врага vraga | врази vrazi |
Derived terms
Terms derived from врагъ
- вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
- вражии (vražij, “hostile, diabolical”)
- вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity, wickedness”)
- вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
- вражьскꙑ (vražĭsky, “hostilely”)
Descendants
- Bulgarian: враг (vrag)
- Macedonian: враг (vrag)
- Old East Slavic: врагъ (vragŭ)
- Russian: враг (vrag)
- Rusyn: враг (vrah)
- Ukrainian: враг (vrah)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: вра̑г
- Latin: vrȃg
- Slovene: vrag
References
- Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “врагъ”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 122
Old East Slavic
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Doublet of ворогъ (vorogŭ).
Pronunciation
- (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋrɑɡʊ/
- (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋraɡʊ/
- (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋraɡ/
- Hyphenation: вра‧гъ
Noun
врагъ (vragŭ) m
- an enemy, foe
- XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
- […] благодать Божия просвѣщаше сердце его и рука Господня помогаше ему, и побѣжаше всꙗ врагы своꙗ, и боꙗхутсѧ его вси.
- […] blagodatĭ Božija prosvěščaše serdce ego i ruka Gospodnja pomogaše emu, i poběžaše vsja vragy svoja, i bojaxutsę ego vsi.
- […] God's grace illuminated his heart and God's hand helped him, and [he] defeated all his foes, and was feared among all.
- XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
- (figuratively) the devil
- Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “врагъ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑ лѣ [Laurentian Codex], 11th century, page (leaf) 52, line -12, s.a. 6545 (1037):
- Радовашесѧ Ꙗрославъ вида множьство цьрквии . и люди хрестꙑанꙑ зѣло . а врагъ сѣтовашетьсѧ побѣжаемъ . новыми людьми хрестꙑанскꙑми.
- Radovašesę Jaroslavŭ vida množĭstvo cĭrkvij . i ljudi xrestyany zělo . a vragŭ sětovašetĭsę poběžaemŭ . novymi ljudĭmi xrestyanskymi.
- And Yaroslav was glad, seeing many churches and many Christians [among his] people, while the devil wailed, being defeated by the newly-baptized.
- Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “врагъ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑ лѣ [Laurentian Codex], 11th century, page (leaf) 52, line -12, s.a. 6545 (1037):
Derived terms
Terms derived from врагъ
- врагочьствьно (vragočĭstvĭno, “nefariously”)
- врагочьстивꙑи (vragočĭstivyj, “nefarious”)
- вражедьнꙑи (vražedĭnyj, “hostile”)
- вражии (vražij, “hostile, diabolical”)
- вражица (vražica, “she-enemy”)
- вражьбьникъ (vražĭbĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
- вражьбьнꙑи (vražĭbĭnyj, “hostile”)
- вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity”)
- вражьдебьнꙑи (vražĭdebĭnyj, “hostile”)
- вражьдивъ (vražĭdivŭ, “spiteful”)
- вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
- вражьдолюбьнѣ (vražĭdoljubĭně, “odiously”)
- вражьдолюбьць (vražĭdoljubĭcĭ, “enmity-lover”)
- вражьдьникъ (vražĭdĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
- вражьдьница (vražĭdĭnica, “she-enemy”)
- вражьдьныи (vražĭdĭnyj, “hostile”)
- вражьнꙑи (vražĭnyj, “hostile”)
- вражьскꙑи (vražĭskyj, “hostile, related to enemy”)
Related terms
- врагуша (vraguša, “fever”)
- вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
- враженꙑи (vraženyj, “enchanted”)
- вражитель (vražitelĭ, “soothsayer”)
- вражити (vražiti, “to enchant”)
- вражьба (vražĭba, “cure”)
Descendants
- Russian: враг (vrag)
- Rusyn: враг (vrah)
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “врагъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 310