враг
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vrak]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *vȏrgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás.
Noun
враг • (vrag) m (related adjective вра́жески)
- enemy, foe
- opponent
- Synonym: противник (protivnik)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | враг vrag | врагове́, врази́1 vragové, vrazí1 |
definite (subject form) | врагъ́т vragǎ́t | врагове́те, врази́те1 vragovéte, vrazíte1 |
definite (object form) | врага́ vragá | |
vocative form | вра́же vráže | врагове́, врази́1 vragové, vrazí1 |
1Poetic.
Derived terms
- врагу́вам (vragúvam, “to be hostile towards”)
- вражда́ (vraždá, “animosity”)
- вражде́бен (vraždében, “hostile”)
- враж (vraž), вра́жески (vrážeski, “antagonistic, fiendish”)
Related terms
- вража (vraža, “to cheat, to deceive”)
References
- враг¹ in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- враг in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “враг¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 177
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *vòrgъ or *vьragъ.
Noun
враг • (vrag) m
- (dialectal) dale, gorge with steep slopes
- Synonym: (colloquial) дере (dere)
- (figurative, dialectal) large wound
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | враг vrag | вра́гове vrágove |
definite (subject form) | вра́гът vrágǎt | вра́говете vrágovete |
definite (object form) | вра́га vrága | |
count form | — | вра́га vrága |
Derived terms
- овра́г (ovrág, “ravine”)
Derived terms
- вра́гула (vrágula, “grave, mound”) (dialectal)
- враж (vraž, “sharp, pointy, grave”) (dialectal)
Related terms
- въ́ргам (vǎ́rgam, “to throw”) (possibly)
- вра́га (vrága, “wound, edema”) (possibly)
- врах (vrah, “heap, pile”) (dialectal)
References
- враг² in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “враг²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 177
Macedonian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vrak]
Noun
враг • (vrag) m
- devil
- (rare) enemy, foe
- (figuratively) devil (a cunning, witty man)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | враг | врагови |
definite unspecified | врагот | враговите |
definite proximal | врагов | враговиве |
definite distal | врагон | враговине |
vocative | врагу | врагови |
count form | — | врага |
Synonyms
- ѓавол (ǵavol)
- непријател (neprijatel)
Russian
Alternative forms
- врагъ (vrag) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ. Compare the inherited doublet во́рог (vórog, “enemy, foe”) (poetic).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vrak]
Audio (file)
Noun
враг • (vrag) m anim (genitive врага́, nominative plural враги́, genitive plural враго́в)
- enemy, foe
- Synonyms: проти́вник (protívnik), неприя́тель (neprijátelʹ), не́друг (nédrug); (dated, poetic) во́рог (vórog)
- Antonym: друг (drug)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | вра́г vrág | враги́ vragí |
genitive | врага́ vragá | враго́в vragóv |
dative | врагу́ vragú | врага́м vragám |
accusative | врага́ vragá | враго́в vragóv |
instrumental | враго́м vragóm | врага́ми vragámi |
prepositional | враге́ vragé | врага́х vragáx |
Synonyms
- противник (protivnik)
Related terms
- вражде́бный (vraždébnyj)
- вра́жеский (vrážeskij)
- вражда́ (vraždá)
- враждова́ть (vraždovátʹ)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “враг”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋrâːɡ/
Noun
вра̑г m (Latin spelling vrȃg)
- devil
- (intensifier) hell
- Koji se vrag upravo dogodio?
- What the hell just happened?
- Nemoj ga smetati. Ljut je kao vrag.
- Don't bother him. He is angry as hell.
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | вра̑г | вра̏гови / вра̑зи |
genitive | врага | врагова / враза |
dative | врагу | враговима / вразима |
accusative | врага | врагове / вразе |
vocative | вра̑же | врагови / врази |
locative | врагу | враговима / вразима |
instrumental | врагом | враговима / вразима |
Further reading
- “враг” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Ukrainian
Alternative forms
- ура́г (uráh) (rare)
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ. Compare the inherited doublet во́рог (vóroh, “enemy, foe”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [wraɦ]
Noun
враг • (vrah) m pers (genitive врага́, nominative plural враги́, genitive plural врагі́в, related adjective вра́жий) (chiefly archaic)
- (poetic) enemy, foe
- devil
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:чорт
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | враг vrah | враги́ vrahý |
genitive | врага́ vrahá | врагі́в vrahív |
dative | враго́ві, врагу́ vrahóvi, vrahú | врага́м vrahám |
accusative | врага́ vrahá | врагі́в vrahív |
instrumental | враго́м vrahóm | врага́ми vrahámy |
locative | враго́ві, врагу́ vrahóvi, vrahú | врага́х vraháx |
vocative | вра́же vráže | враги́ vrahý |
Further reading
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “враг”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “враг”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2022), “враг”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “враг”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)