бумага
Russian
Etymology
Uncertain. Vasmer hypothesizes the existence of an earlier form, Old East Slavic *бубага (*bubaga), from which бума́га (bumága) formed through dissimilation, or perhaps a back-formation from бума́жный (bumážnyj). Believed to be ultimately from Middle Persian pmbk' (“cotton”) through the intermediary of some Mediterranean term for cotton wool and/or cloth (most probably Italian bambagia), since the first attestations of the root in the 15th and 16th centuries are mostly with a now obsolete sense, the only remnant of which in modern active vocabulary is хлопчатобума́жный (xlopčatobumážnyj, “made from cotton”). Paper was first imported into Russia from Italian states and the Byzantine Empire in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [bʊˈmaɡə]
Audio (file)
Noun
бума́га • (bumága) f inan (genitive бума́ги, nominative plural бума́ги, genitive plural бума́г, related adjective бума́жный, diminutive бума́жка)
- paper
- document
- (obsolete) cotton wool
- (rare, slang) hundred-ruble banknote
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | бума́га bumága | бума́ги bumági |
genitive | бума́ги bumági | бума́г bumág |
dative | бума́ге bumáge | бума́гам bumágam |
accusative | бума́гу bumágu | бума́ги bumági |
instrumental | бума́гой, бума́гою bumágoj, bumágoju | бума́гами bumágami |
prepositional | бума́ге bumáge | бума́гах bumágax |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | бума́га bumága | бума́ги bumági |
genitive | бума́ги bumági | бума́гъ bumág |
dative | бума́гѣ bumágě | бума́гамъ bumágam |
accusative | бума́гу bumágu | бума́ги bumági |
instrumental | бума́гой, бума́гою bumágoj, bumágoju | бума́гами bumágami |
prepositional | бума́гѣ bumágě | бума́гахъ bumágax |
Derived terms
- туале́тная бума́га (tualétnaja bumága)
- хлопча́тая бума́га (xlopčátaja bumága)
Descendants
- → Kildin Sami: пымме (pymm’e)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бумага”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress