-ων
See also: ὤν, -ῶν, and -ών
Ancient Greek
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɔːn/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /on/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /on/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /on/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /on/
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-ων • (-ōn)
- Genitive plural of second- and third-declension nouns and adjectives not accented on the ultima
- Masculine and neuter genitive plural of first- and second-declension not accented on the ultima
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *-onts.
Suffix
-ων • (-ōn) m (feminine -ουσᾰ, neuter -ον); first/third declension
- Masculine singular of present, future, and second aorist active participles
Inflection
First and third declension of -ων; -ουσᾰ; -ον (present and future, Attic)
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | -ων -ōn | -ουσᾰ -ousa | -ον -on | -οντε -onte | -ούσᾱ -oúsā | -οντε -onte | -οντες -ontes | -ουσαι -ousai | -οντᾰ -onta | |||||
| Genitive | -οντος -ontos | -ούσης -oúsēs | -οντος -ontos | -όντοιν -óntoin | -ούσαιν -oúsain | -όντοιν -óntoin | -όντων -óntōn | -ουσῶν -ousôn | -όντων -óntōn | |||||
| Dative | -οντῐ -onti | -ούσῃ -oúsēi | -οντῐ -onti | -όντοιν -óntoin | -ούσαιν -oúsain | -όντοιν -óntoin | -ουσῐ / -ουσῐν -ousi(n) | -ούσαις -oúsais | -ουσῐ / -ουσῐν -ousi(n) | |||||
| Accusative | -οντᾰ -onta | -ουσᾰν -ousan | -ον -on | -οντε -onte | -ούσᾱ -oúsā | -οντε -onte | -οντᾰς -ontas | -ούσᾱς -oúsās | -οντᾰ -onta | |||||
| Vocative | -ων -ōn | -ουσᾰ -ousa | -ον -on | -οντε -onte | -ούσᾱ -oúsā | -οντε -onte | -οντες -ontes | -ουσαι -ousai | -οντᾰ -onta | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| -όντως -óntōs | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
First and third declension of -ών; -οῦσᾰ; -όν (aorist II, Attic)
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | -ών -ṓn | -οῦσᾰ -oûsa | -όν -ón | -όντε -ónte | -ούσᾱ -oúsā | -όντε -ónte | -όντες -óntes | -οῦσαι -oûsai | -όντᾰ -ónta | |||||
| Genitive | -όντος -óntos | -ούσης -oúsēs | -όντος -óntos | -όντοιν -óntoin | -ούσαιν -oúsain | -όντοιν -óntoin | -όντων -óntōn | -ουσῶν -ousôn | -όντων -óntōn | |||||
| Dative | -όντῐ -ónti | -ούσῃ -oúsēi | -όντῐ -ónti | -όντοιν -óntoin | -ούσαιν -oúsain | -όντοιν -óntoin | -οῦσῐ / -οῦσῐν -oûsi(n) | -ούσαις -oúsais | -οῦσῐ / -οῦσῐν -oûsi(n) | |||||
| Accusative | -όντᾰ -ónta | -οῦσᾰν -oûsan | -όν -ón | -όντε -ónte | -ούσᾱ -oúsā | -όντε -ónte | -όντᾰς -óntas | -ούσᾱς -oúsās | -όντᾰ -ónta | |||||
| Vocative | -ών -ṓn | -οῦσᾰ -oûsa | -όν -ón | -όντε -ónte | -ούσᾱ -oúsā | -όντε -ónte | -όντες -óntes | -οῦσαι -oûsai | -όντᾰ -ónta | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| -όντως -óntōs | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
See also
- active participle endings:
- -ᾱς (-ās)
- -ώς (-ṓs)
Etymology 3
From Proto-Indo-European *-yōs with contamination (see there).
Alternative forms
- -ῑ́ων (-ī́ōn)
Suffix
-ων • (-ōn) m or f (neuter -ον); third declension
- Added to adjective stems to form comparative forms
Inflection
Third declension of -ων; -ον (Attic)
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
| Nominative | -ων -ōn | -ον -on | -ονε -one | -ονε -one | -ονες -ones | -ονᾰ -ona | ||||||||
| Genitive | -ονος -onos | -ονος -onos | -ονοιν -onoin | -ονοιν -onoin | -ονων -onōn | -ονων -onōn | ||||||||
| Dative | -ονῐ -oni | -ονῐ -oni | -ονοιν -onoin | -ονοιν -onoin | -οσῐ / -οσῐν -osi(n) | -οσῐ / -οσῐν -osi(n) | ||||||||
| Accusative | -ονᾰ -ona | -ον -on | -ονε -one | -ονε -one | -ονᾰς -onas | -ονᾰ -ona | ||||||||
| Vocative | -ον -on | -ον -on | -ονε -one | -ονε -one | -ονες -ones | -ονᾰ -ona | ||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| -ονως -onōs | -ονέστερος -onésteros | -ονέστᾰτος -onéstatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Etymology 4
From Proto-Indo-European *-Hō, dubbed "Hoffmann's suffix", meaning "one who possesses X".
Suffix
-ων • (-ōn) m (genitive -ωνος); third declension
- Added to nouns to form possessive derivatives
- πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “riches”) + -ων (-ōn) → Πλούτων (Ploútōn, “One who possesses riches, god of the underworld”)
- τιμή (timḗ, “honor”) + -ων (-ōn) → Τίμων (Tímōn, “Honorable One, personal name”)
Inflection
Third declension of -ων; -ωνος (Attic)
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ων -ōn | -ωνε -ōne | -ωνες -ōnes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | -ωνος -ōnos | -ωνοιν -ōnoin | -ωνων -ōnōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | -ωνῐ -ōni | -ωνοιν -ōnoin | -ωσῐ / -ωσῐν -ōsi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | -ωνᾰ -ōna | -ωνε -ōne | -ωνᾰς -ōnas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | -ων -ōn | -ωνε -ōne | -ωνες -ōnes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ων
Etymology 5
From Proto-Indo-European *-ō. It is sometimes referred to as the "Strabon suffix", after the personal name, which features it.
Suffix
-ων • (-ōn) m (genitive -ωνος or -ονος); third declension
- Added to adjectives to form nominalisations
- στραβός (strabós, “squinty-eyed”) + -ων (-ōn) → Στράβων (Strábōn, “Squinty guy, personal name”)
- γλαυκός (glaukós, “gray-eyed”) + -ων (-ōn) → Γλαύκων (Glaúkōn, “Gray-eye, personal name”)
Inflection
Third declension of -ων; -ωνος (Attic)
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ων -ōn | -ωνε -ōne | -ωνες -ōnes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | -ωνος -ōnos | -ωνοιν -ōnoin | -ωνων -ōnōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | -ωνῐ -ōni | -ωνοιν -ōnoin | -ωσῐ / -ωσῐν -ōsi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | -ωνᾰ -ōna | -ωνε -ōne | -ωνᾰς -ōnas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | -ων -ōn | -ωνε -ōne | -ωνες -ōnes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Third declension of -ων; -ονος (Attic)
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ων -ōn | -ονε -one | -ονες -ones | ||||||||||
| Genitive | -ονος -onos | -ονοιν -onoin | -ονων -onōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | -ονῐ -oni | -ονοιν -onoin | -οσῐ / -οσῐν -osi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | -ονᾰ -ona | -ονε -one | -ονᾰς -onas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | -ον -on | -ονε -one | -ονες -ones | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||