ψυδρός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ψυδνός (psudnós)
Etymology
Related to ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, untrue”) and ψύθος (psúthos, “lie, untruth”). The zero grade found in this word agrees with Armenian սուտ (sut, “false; lie”). Clackson is inclined to believe the proposal that the Greek word is related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰes- (“wind”), like ψύχω (psúkhō, “to breathe, blow”); semantic parallels would be ψίθυρος (psíthuros, “whispering, slanderous”) and ψύδραξ (psúdrax, “pustule, blister”). However, according to Beekes, Pre-Greek origin is a better explanation.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /psy.drós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /psyˈdros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /psyˈðros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /psyˈðros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /psiˈðros/
Adjective
ψῠδρός • (psudrós) m (feminine ψῠδρᾱ́, neuter ψῠδρόν); first/second declension
- false, lying, untrue
- Synonym: ψευδής (pseudḗs)
Inflection
First and second declension of ψῠδρός; ψῠδρᾱ́; ψῠδρόν (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ψῠδρός psudrós | ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́ | ψῠδρόν psudrón | ψῠδρώ psudrṓ | ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́ | ψῠδρώ psudrṓ | ψῠδροί psudroí | ψῠδραί psudraí | ψῠδρᾰ́ psudrá | |||||
Genitive | ψῠδροῦ psudroû | ψῠδρᾶς psudrâs | ψῠδροῦ psudroû | ψῠδροῖν psudroîn | ψῠδραῖν psudraîn | ψῠδροῖν psudroîn | ψῠδρῶν psudrôn | ψῠδρῶν psudrôn | ψῠδρῶν psudrôn | |||||
Dative | ψῠδρῷ psudrôi | ψῠδρᾷ psudrâi | ψῠδρῷ psudrôi | ψῠδροῖν psudroîn | ψῠδραῖν psudraîn | ψῠδροῖν psudroîn | ψῠδροῖς psudroîs | ψῠδραῖς psudraîs | ψῠδροῖς psudroîs | |||||
Accusative | ψῠδρόν psudrón | ψῠδρᾱ́ν psudrā́n | ψῠδρόν psudrón | ψῠδρώ psudrṓ | ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́ | ψῠδρώ psudrṓ | ψῠδρούς psudroús | ψῠδρᾱ́ς psudrā́s | ψῠδρᾰ́ psudrá | |||||
Vocative | ψῠδρέ psudré | ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́ | ψῠδρόν psudrón | ψῠδρώ psudrṓ | ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́ | ψῠδρώ psudrṓ | ψῠδροί psudroí | ψῠδραί psudraí | ψῠδρᾰ́ psudrá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ψῠδρῶς psudrôs | ψῠδρότερος psudróteros | ψῠδρότᾰτος psudrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ψυδρεύς (psudreús)
Further reading
- ψυδρός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ψυδρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN