χρή

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn”). Originally probably a neuter noun in plural, but used always as a verbal expression by omission of copula ἐστί or "crasis" of χρὴ with it.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰrɛ̌ː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kʰre̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /xri/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /xri/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /xri/

Verb

χρή • (khrḗ)

(impersonal, expressing necessity) have to, ought, should (with accusative of person and present or aorist infinitive)

Conjugation

Present indicative: χρή (khrḗ) (from χρή ἐστι)
Present infinitive: χρῆναι (khrênai) (from χρὴ εἶναι)
Imperfect indicative: ἐχρῆν (ekhrên), and originally χρῆν (khrên) (from χρὴ ἦν).
Present subjuntive: χρῇ (khrêi) (from χρὴ ᾖ).
Present optative: χρείη (khreíē) (from χρὴ εἴη).
Present participle, mostly as noun: χρεών (khreṓn) (from χρὴ ὄν > χρηόν > χρεών: transfer of vowel quantity).
Future indicative: χρήσει (khrḗsei) and originally χρήσται (khrḗstai) (from χρὴ ἔσται, which in some codexes is sometimes erroneously written χρήσται or χρῆσται and even χρῆσθαι).

Related terms

χράομαι (khráomai)
χράω (khráō)
χρέος (khréos)
χρεία (khreía)
χρῄζω (khrḗizō)
χρῆμα (khrêma)
χρήσιμος (khrḗsimos)
ἄχρηστος (ákhrēstos)

References

“χρή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“χρή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“χρή”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
χρή in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“χρή”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G5534 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- destine idem, page 217.
- fated idem, page 309.
- incumbent idem, page 431.
- necessary idem, page 553.

单词	χρή
释义	χρή Ancient Greek Etymology From Proto-Indo-European ǵʰer- (“to yearn”). Originally probably a neuter noun in plural, but used always as a verbal expression by omission of copula ἐστί or "crasis" of χρὴ with it. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.* Pronunciation IPA^(key): /kʰrɛ̌ː/ → /xri/ → /xri/ (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰrɛ̌ː/ (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kʰre̝/ (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /xri/ (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /xri/ (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /xri/ Verb χρή • (khrḗ) (impersonal, expressing necessity) have to, ought, should (with accusative of person and present or aorist infinitive) Conjugation Present indicative: χρή (khrḗ) (from χρή ἐστι) Present infinitive: χρῆναι (khrênai) (from χρὴ εἶναι) Imperfect indicative: ἐχρῆν (ekhrên), and originally χρῆν (khrên) (from χρὴ ἦν). Present subjuntive: χρῇ (khrêi) (from χρὴ ᾖ). Present optative: χρείη (khreíē) (from χρὴ εἴη). Present participle, mostly as noun: χρεών (khreṓn) (from χρὴ ὄν > χρηόν > χρεών: transfer of vowel quantity). Future indicative: χρήσει (khrḗsei) and originally χρήσται (khrḗstai) (from χρὴ ἔσται, which in some codexes is sometimes erroneously written χρήσται or χρῆσται and even χρῆσθαι). Related terms χράομαι (khráomai) χράω (khráō) χρέος (khréos) χρεία (khreía) χρῄζω (khrḗizō) χρῆμα (khrêma) χρήσιμος (khrḗsimos) ἄχρηστος (ákhrēstos) References “χρή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press “χρή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers “χρή”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers χρή in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963 “χρή”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter G5534 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. destine idem, page 217. fated idem, page 309. incumbent idem, page 431. necessary idem, page 553.
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