χθών

See also: Χθών

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰtʰṓn, full transference to n-stem (cf. εἷς (heîs), χῐών (khiṓn)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm, with the Proto-Indo-European cluster *dʰǵʰ- metathesizing into Proto-Greek *kʰtʰ- from an earlier Proto-Hellenic *tʰkʰṓn, since Greek stop clusters must always end in a dental. Cognates include Sanskrit क्ष (kṣa) and Latin humus.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰtʰɔ̌ːn/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kʰtʰon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /xθon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /xθon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /xθon/

Audio (Classical Attic) (file)

Noun

χθών • (khthṓn) f (genitive χθονός); third declension

ground, soil, surface of the earth
earth, world
land, country

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ χθών; τῆς χθονός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ χθών hē khthṓn	τὼ χθόνε tṑ khthóne	αἱ χθόνες hai khthónes
Genitive	τῆς χθονός tês khthonós	τοῖν χθονοῖν toîn khthonoîn	τῶν χθονῶν tôn khthonôn
Dative	τῇ χθονῐ́ têi khthoní	τοῖν χθονοῖν toîn khthonoîn	ταῖς χθοσῐ́ / χθοσῐ́ν taîs khthosí(n)
Accusative	τὴν χθόνᾰ tḕn khthóna	τὼ χθόνε tṑ khthóne	τᾱ̀ς χθόνᾰς tā̀s khthónas
Vocative	χθών khthṓn	χθόνε khthóne	χθόνες khthónes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

αὐτόχθων (autókhthōn)
ἐνοσίχθων (enosíkhthōn)
χθόνιος (khthónios)
χθονοστιβής (khthonostibḗs)
Χθωνία (Khthōnía)

Related terms

χαμάδις (khamádis)
χαμᾶζε (khamâze)
χαμᾶθεν (khamâthen)
χαμαί (khamaí)
χαμαιευνάς (khamaieunás)
χαμαιεύνης (khamaieúnēs)
χαμαίζηλος (khamaízēlos)
χαμαῖθεν (khamaîthen)
χαμαικοίτης (khamaikoítēs)
χαμόθεν (khamóthen)
χθαμαλός (khthamalós)