χίλιοι

Ancient Greek

**Ancient Greek cardinal numbers**
< ϡʹ	͵α	͵ααʹ >
Cardinal : χίλιοι (khílioi) Ordinal : χιλιοστός (khiliostós) Adverbial : χιλιάκις (khiliákis)

Alternative forms

χέλιοι (khélioi) (Doric)
χέλλιοι (khéllioi) – Lesbian, Thessalian
χείλιοι (kheílioi) – Ionic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰehliyoi, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesliyoy, from *ǵʰes-, whence χείρ (kheír)), as if meaning “full hand”. Cognates include Sanskrit सहस्र (sahásra) and Latin mīlle.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰǐː.li.oi̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰi.li.y/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈçi.li.y/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈçi.li.y/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈçi.li.i/

Numeral

χῑ́λιοι • (khī́lioi), χῑ́λιαι f (khī́liai), χῑ́λια n (khī́lia)

thousand

Inflection

First and second declension of χῑ́λιοι; χῑ́λιαι; χῑ́λιᾰ (Attic)

Number	Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	χῑ́λιοι khī́lioi	χῑ́λιαι khī́liai	χῑ́λιᾰ khī́lia
Genitive	χῑλίων / χιλιῶν khīlíōn / khiliôn	χῑλίων / χιλιῶν khīlíōn / khiliôn	χῑλίων / χιλιῶν khīlíōn / khiliôn
Dative	χῑλίοις / χῑλίοισι / χῑλίοισιν khīlíois / khīlíoisi(n)	χῑλίαις / χῑλίαισι / χῑλίαισιν khīlíais / khīlíaisi(n)	χῑλίοις / χῑλίοισι / χῑλίοισιν khīlíois / khīlíoisi(n)
Accusative	χῑλίους khīlíous	χῑλίᾱς khīlíās	χῑ́λιᾰ khī́lia
Vocative	χῑ́λιοι khī́lioi	χῑ́λιαι khī́liai	χῑ́λιᾰ khī́lia
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Singular forms are used with collective nouns.

Descendants

Greek: χίλια (chília)
Bulgarian: хиляда (hiljada)
Pontic Greek: χ̌ίλι̮α (šíli̮a), χ̌ίλα̤ (šílä)
- → Laz: შილია (şilia), შილჲა (şilya)

References

“χίλιοι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“χίλιοι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“χίλιοι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
χίλιοι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
χίλιοι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G5507 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- thousand idem, page 868.
Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag