χήρα
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- χήρη (khḗrē) – Ionic
Etymology
This word replaced the old word for "widow" found in Latin vidua; a cognate of this is retained in ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos, “unmarried youth”). It is assumed that the origin of this word is Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ro- (“derelict”), from the root *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind, abandon”); compare Sanskrit जहाति (jahāti, “to desert, leave, resign”) and Latin hērēs (“heir”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰɛ̌ː.raː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰe̝.ra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈçi.ra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈçi.ra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈçi.ra/
Noun
χήρᾱ • (khḗrā) f (genitive χήρᾱς); first declension
- widow
Declension
First declension of ἡ χήρᾱ; τῆς χήρᾱς (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ χήρᾱ hē khḗrā | τὼ χήρᾱ tṑ khḗrā | αἱ χῆραι hai khêrai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς χήρᾱς tês khḗrās | τοῖν χήραιν toîn khḗrain | τῶν χηρῶν tôn khērôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ χήρᾳ têi khḗrāi | τοῖν χήραιν toîn khḗrain | ταῖς χήραις taîs khḗrais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν χήρᾱν tḕn khḗrān | τὼ χήρᾱ tṑ khḗrā | τᾱ̀ς χήρᾱς tā̀s khḗrās | ||||||||||
Vocative | χήρᾱ khḗrā | χήρᾱ khḗrā | χῆραι khêrai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- χῆρος (khêros)
Descendants
- Greek: χήρα (chíra)
- Pontic Greek: χ̌έρα (šéra), χ̌όρα (šóra)
- → Laz: შირა (şira)
Further reading
- “χήρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χήρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- χήρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek χήρα (khḗra), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ro- (“derelict”), from the root *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind, abandon”). Cognate with Latin heres.[1][2]
Noun
χήρα • (chíra) f (plural χήρες, masculine χήρος)
- widow, relict
Declension
declension of χήρα
case \\ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | χήρα • | χήρες • |
genitive | χήρας • | χηρών • |
accusative | χήρα • | χήρες • |
vocative | χήρα • | χήρες • |
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN