φυλάσσω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *pʰuláťťō, the same source as φῠ́λᾰξ (phúlax, “watcher, guard”). Further etymology is unknown.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰy.lás.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰyˈlas.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸyˈlas.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /fyˈlas.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /fiˈla.so/
Verb
φῠλᾰ́σσω • (phulássō)
- (transitive) to watch, guard, protect, defend
- (transitive) to lie in wait, ambush
- (transitive) to watch for, wait for
- (transitive) to maintain, preserve, cherish
- to be on guard against; to shun, avoid
- (intransitive, middle) to take heed, take care, be on guard
- (transitive, middle) to keep in mind, remember
Inflection
Present: φῠλᾰ́σσω, φῠλᾰ́σσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῠλᾰ́σσω | φῠλᾰ́σσεις | φῠλᾰ́σσει | φῠλᾰ́σσετον | φῠλᾰ́σσετον | φῠλᾰ́σσομεν | φῠλᾰ́σσετε | φῠλᾰ́σσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠλᾰ́σσω | φῠλᾰ́σσῃς | φῠλᾰ́σσῃ | φῠλᾰ́σσητον | φῠλᾰ́σσητον | φῠλᾰ́σσωμεν | φῠλᾰ́σσητε | φῠλᾰ́σσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠλᾰ́σσοιμῐ | φῠλᾰ́σσοις | φῠλᾰ́σσοι | φῠλᾰ́σσοιτον | φῠλᾰσσοίτην | φῠλᾰ́σσοιμεν | φῠλᾰ́σσοιτε | φῠλᾰ́σσοιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́λᾰσσε | φῠλᾰσσέτω | φῠλᾰ́σσετον | φῠλᾰσσέτων | φῠλᾰ́σσετε | φῠλᾰσσόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | φῠλᾰ́σσομαι | φῠλᾰ́σσῃ, φῠλᾰ́σσει | φῠλᾰ́σσεται | φῠλᾰ́σσεσθον | φῠλᾰ́σσεσθον | φῠλᾰσσόμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰ́σσεσθε | φῠλᾰ́σσονται | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠλᾰ́σσωμαι | φῠλᾰ́σσῃ | φῠλᾰ́σσηται | φῠλᾰ́σσησθον | φῠλᾰ́σσησθον | φῠλᾰσσώμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰ́σσησθε | φῠλᾰ́σσωνται | |||||
| optative | φῠλᾰσσοίμην | φῠλᾰ́σσοιο | φῠλᾰ́σσοιτο | φῠλᾰ́σσοισθον | φῠλᾰσσοίσθην | φῠλᾰσσοίμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰ́σσοισθε | φῠλᾰ́σσοιντο | |||||
| imperative | φῠλᾰ́σσου | φῠλᾰσσέσθω | φῠλᾰ́σσεσθον | φῠλᾰσσέσθων | φῠλᾰ́σσεσθε | φῠλᾰσσέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠλᾰ́σσειν | φῠλᾰ́σσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠλᾰ́σσων | φῠλᾰσσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φῠλᾰ́σσουσᾰ | φῠλᾰσσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | φῠλᾰ́σσον | φῠλᾰσσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐφῠ́λᾰσσον, ἐφῠλᾰσσόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐφῠ́λᾰσσον | ἐφῠ́λᾰσσες | ἐφῠ́λᾰσσε(ν) | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσετον | ἐφῠλᾰσσέτην | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσομεν | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσετε | ἐφῠ́λᾰσσον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐφῠλᾰσσόμην | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσου | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσετο | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσεσθον | ἐφῠλᾰσσέσθην | ἐφῠλᾰσσόμεθᾰ | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσεσθε | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: φῠλᾰ́ξω, φῠλᾰ́ξομαι, φῠλᾰχθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῠλᾰ́ξω | φῠλᾰ́ξεις | φῠλᾰ́ξει | φῠλᾰ́ξετον | φῠλᾰ́ξετον | φῠλᾰ́ξομεν | φῠλᾰ́ξετε | φῠλᾰ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | φῠλᾰ́ξοιμῐ | φῠλᾰ́ξοις | φῠλᾰ́ξοι | φῠλᾰ́ξοιτον | φῠλᾰξοίτην | φῠλᾰ́ξοιμεν | φῠλᾰ́ξοιτε | φῠλᾰ́ξοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | φῠλᾰ́ξομαι | φῠλᾰ́ξῃ, φῠλᾰ́ξει | φῠλᾰ́ξεται | φῠλᾰ́ξεσθον | φῠλᾰ́ξεσθον | φῠλᾰξόμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰ́ξεσθε | φῠλᾰ́ξονται | ||||
| optative | φῠλᾰξοίμην | φῠλᾰ́ξοιο | φῠλᾰ́ξοιτο | φῠλᾰ́ξοισθον | φῠλᾰξοίσθην | φῠλᾰξοίμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰ́ξοισθε | φῠλᾰ́ξοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | φῠλᾰχθήσομαι | φῠλᾰχθήσῃ | φῠλᾰχθήσεται | φῠλᾰχθήσεσθον | φῠλᾰχθήσεσθον | φῠλᾰχθησόμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰχθήσεσθε | φῠλᾰχθήσονται | ||||
| optative | φῠλᾰχθησοίμην | φῠλᾰχθήσοιο | φῠλᾰχθήσοιτο | φῠλᾰχθήσοισθον | φῠλᾰχθησοίσθην | φῠλᾰχθησοίμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰχθήσοισθε | φῠλᾰχθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠλᾰ́ξειν | φῠλᾰ́ξεσθαι | φῠλᾰχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠλᾰ́ξων | φῠλᾰξόμενος | φῠλᾰχθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | φῠλᾰ́ξουσᾰ | φῠλᾰξομένη | φῠλᾰχθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | φῠλᾰ́ξον | φῠλᾰξόμενον | φῠλᾰχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐφῠ́λᾰξᾰ, ἐφῠλᾰξᾰ́μην, ἐφῠλᾰ́χθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐφῠ́λᾰξᾰ | ἐφῠ́λᾰξᾰς | ἐφῠ́λᾰξε(ν) | ἐφῠλᾰ́ξᾰτον | ἐφῠλᾰξᾰ́την | ἐφῠλᾰ́ξᾰμεν | ἐφῠλᾰ́ξᾰτε | ἐφῠ́λᾰξᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠλᾰ́ξω | φῠλᾰ́ξῃς | φῠλᾰ́ξῃ | φῠλᾰ́ξητον | φῠλᾰ́ξητον | φῠλᾰ́ξωμεν | φῠλᾰ́ξητε | φῠλᾰ́ξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠλᾰ́ξαιμῐ | φῠλᾰ́ξειᾰς, φῠλᾰ́ξαις | φῠλᾰ́ξειε(ν), φῠλᾰ́ξαι | φῠλᾰ́ξαιτον | φῠλᾰξαίτην | φῠλᾰ́ξαιμεν | φῠλᾰ́ξαιτε | φῠλᾰ́ξειᾰν, φῠλᾰ́ξαιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́λᾰξον | φῠλᾰξᾰ́τω | φῠλᾰ́ξᾰτον | φῠλᾰξᾰ́των | φῠλᾰ́ξᾰτε | φῠλᾰξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐφῠλᾰξᾰ́μην | ἐφῠλᾰ́ξω | ἐφῠλᾰ́ξᾰτο | ἐφῠλᾰ́ξᾰσθον | ἐφῠλᾰξᾰ́σθην | ἐφῠλᾰξᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐφῠλᾰ́ξᾰσθε | ἐφῠλᾰ́ξᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠλᾰ́ξωμαι | φῠλᾰ́ξῃ | φῠλᾰ́ξηται | φῠλᾰ́ξησθον | φῠλᾰ́ξησθον | φῠλᾰξώμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰ́ξησθε | φῠλᾰ́ξωνται | |||||
| optative | φῠλᾰξαίμην | φῠλᾰ́ξαιο | φῠλᾰ́ξαιτο | φῠλᾰ́ξαισθον | φῠλᾰξαίσθην | φῠλᾰξαίμεθᾰ | φῠλᾰ́ξαισθε | φῠλᾰ́ξαιντο | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́λᾰξαι | φῠλᾰξᾰ́σθω | φῠλᾰ́ξᾰσθον | φῠλᾰξᾰ́σθων | φῠλᾰ́ξᾰσθε | φῠλᾰξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐφῠλᾰ́χθην | ἐφῠλᾰ́χθης | ἐφῠλᾰ́χθη | ἐφῠλᾰ́χθητον | ἐφῠλᾰχθήτην | ἐφῠλᾰ́χθημεν | ἐφῠλᾰ́χθητε | ἐφῠλᾰ́χθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠλᾰχθῶ | φῠλᾰχθῇς | φῠλᾰχθῇ | φῠλᾰχθῆτον | φῠλᾰχθῆτον | φῠλᾰχθῶμεν | φῠλᾰχθῆτε | φῠλᾰχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠλᾰχθείην | φῠλᾰχθείης | φῠλᾰχθείη | φῠλᾰχθεῖτον, φῠλᾰχθείητον | φῠλᾰχθείτην, φῠλᾰχθειήτην | φῠλᾰχθεῖμεν, φῠλᾰχθείημεν | φῠλᾰχθεῖτε, φῠλᾰχθείητε | φῠλᾰχθεῖεν, φῠλᾰχθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | φῠλᾰ́χθητῐ | φῠλᾰχθήτω | φῠλᾰ́χθητον | φῠλᾰχθήτων | φῠλᾰ́χθητε | φῠλᾰχθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠλᾰ́ξαι | φῠλᾰ́ξᾰσθαι | φῠλᾰχθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠλᾰ́ξᾱς | φῠλᾰξᾰ́μενος | φῠλᾰχθείς | |||||||||
| f | φῠλᾰ́ξᾱσᾰ | φῠλᾰξᾰμένη | φῠλᾰχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | φῠλᾰ́ξᾰν | φῠλᾰξᾰ́μενον | φῠλᾰχθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: πεφῠ́λᾰκᾰ, πεφῠ́λᾰγμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πεφῠ́λᾰκᾰ | πεφῠ́λᾰκᾰς | πεφῠ́λᾰκε(ν) | πεφῠλᾰ́κᾰτον | πεφῠλᾰ́κᾰτον | πεφῠλᾰ́κᾰμεν | πεφῠλᾰ́κᾰτε | πεφῠλᾰ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | πεφῠλᾰ́κω | πεφῠλᾰ́κῃς | πεφῠλᾰ́κῃ | πεφῠλᾰ́κητον | πεφῠλᾰ́κητον | πεφῠλᾰ́κωμεν | πεφῠλᾰ́κητε | πεφῠλᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πεφῠλᾰ́κοιμῐ, πεφῠλᾰκοίην | πεφῠλᾰ́κοις, πεφῠλᾰκοίης | πεφῠλᾰ́κοι, πεφῠλᾰκοίη | πεφῠλᾰ́κοιτον | πεφῠλᾰκοίτην | πεφῠλᾰ́κοιμεν | πεφῠλᾰ́κοιτε | πεφῠλᾰ́κοιεν | |||||
| imperative | πεφῠ́λᾰκε | πεφῠλᾰκέτω | πεφῠλᾰ́κετον | πεφῠλᾰκέτων | πεφῠλᾰ́κετε | πεφῠλᾰκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | πεφῠ́λᾰγμαι | πεφῠ́λᾰξαι | πεφῠ́λᾰκται | πεφῠ́λᾰχθον | πεφῠ́λᾰχθον | πεφῠλᾰ́γμεθᾰ | πεφῠ́λᾰχθε | πεφῠλᾰ́κᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | πεφῠλᾰγμένος ὦ | πεφῠλᾰγμένος ᾖς | πεφῠλᾰγμένος ᾖ | πεφῠλᾰγμένω ἦτον | πεφῠλᾰγμένω ἦτον | πεφῠλᾰγμένοι ὦμεν | πεφῠλᾰγμένοι ἦτε | πεφῠλᾰγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πεφῠλᾰγμένος εἴην | πεφῠλᾰγμένος εἴης | πεφῠλᾰγμένος εἴη | πεφῠλᾰγμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | πεφῠλᾰγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | πεφῠλᾰγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | πεφῠλᾰγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | πεφῠλᾰγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | πεφῠ́λᾰξο | πεφῠλᾰ́χθω | πεφῠ́λᾰχθον | πεφῠλᾰ́χθων | πεφῠ́λᾰχθε | πεφῠλᾰ́χθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεφῠλᾰκέναι | πεφῠλᾰ́χθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | πεφῠλᾰκώς | πεφῠλᾰγμένος | ||||||||||
| f | πεφῠλᾰκυῖᾰ | πεφῠλᾰγμένη | |||||||||||
| n | πεφῠλᾰκός | πεφῠλᾰγμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κειν, ἐπεφῠλᾰ́γμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κειν, ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κη | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κεις, ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κης | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κετον | ἐπεφῠλᾰκέτην | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κεμεν | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κετε | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́γμην | ἐπεφῠ́λᾰξο | ἐπεφῠ́λᾰκτο | ἐπεφῠ́λᾰχθον | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́χθην | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́γμεθᾰ | ἐπεφῠ́λᾰχθε | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
References
- φυλάσσω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- φυλάσσω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φυλάσσω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φυλάσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
- φυλάσσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- φυλάσσω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5442 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Greek
Alternative forms
- φυλάω (fyláo) (in order of frequency)
- φυλάγω (fylágo)
- φυλώ (fyló)
Verb
φυλάσσω • (fylásso) (simple past φύλαξα, passive φυλάγομαι)
- guard, protect
- guard, watch over
- be on sentry duty
- be "it" in hide and seek (the children's game)
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
See also
- κρυφτό n (kryftó, “hide-and-seek”)