φράτηρ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- φρᾱτήρ (phrātḗr) – Doric
- φρήτηρ (phrḗtēr) – Ionic
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *pʰrā́tēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Cognates include Phrygian βρατερε (bratere), Latin frāter, Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍂 (brōþar), Old English brōþor (English brother). The old kin sense of "brother" has been assumed by ἀδελφός (adelphós).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰrǎː.tɛːr/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰra.te̝r/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸra.tir/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfra.tir/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfra.tir/
Noun
φρᾱ́τηρ • (phrā́tēr) m (genitive φρᾱ́τερος); third declension
- member of a community: clansman, kinsman, citizen, "brother" in the non-familial sense (as is usually expressed by "brethren")
Declension
Third declension of ὁ φρᾱ́τηρ; τοῦ φρᾱ́τερος (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ φρᾱ́τηρ ho phrā́tēr | τὼ φρᾱ́τερε tṑ phrā́tere | οἱ φρᾱ́τερες hoi phrā́teres | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ φρᾱ́τερος toû phrā́teros | τοῖν φρᾱτέροιν toîn phrātéroin | τῶν φρᾱτέρων tôn phrātérōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ φρᾱ́τερῐ tôi phrā́teri | τοῖν φρᾱτέροιν toîn phrātéroin | τοῖς φρᾱ́τερσῐ / φρᾱ́τερσῐν toîs phrā́tersi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν φρᾱ́τερᾰ tòn phrā́tera | τὼ φρᾱ́τερε tṑ phrā́tere | τοὺς φρᾱ́τερᾰς toùs phrā́teras | ||||||||||
Vocative | φρᾶτερ phrâter | φρᾱ́τερε phrā́tere | φρᾱ́τερες phrā́teres | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- φρατρία (phratría)
Further reading
- “φράτηρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φράτηρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φράτηρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette