φιλέω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- φῐ́λημμῐ (phílēmmi) – Aeolic
- φῐ́λειμῐ (phíleimi) – Boeotian
Etymology
From φῐ́λος (phílos, “beloved, dear”) + -έω (-éō, stative suffix).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰi.lé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰiˈle.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸiˈle.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /fiˈle.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /fiˈle.o/
Verb
φῐλέω • (philéō)
- to love, like, regard with affection
- Palatine Anthology 3.149:
- Εἰ μὲ φῐλοῦντᾰ φῐλεῖς, δῐπλὴ χᾰ́ρῐς· εἰ δὲ μὲ μῑσεῖς, τόσσον μῑσοίης, ὅσσον ἐγὼ σὲ φῐλῶ.
- Ei mè philoûnta phileîs, diplḕ kháris; ei dè mè mīseîs, tósson mīsoíēs, hósson egṑ sè philô.
- If you love me and I love you, it's a double grace; but if you hate me, may you hate me as much as I love you.
- Εἰ μὲ φῐλοῦντᾰ φῐλεῖς, δῐπλὴ χᾰ́ρῐς· εἰ δὲ μὲ μῑσεῖς, τόσσον μῑσοίης, ὅσσον ἐγὼ σὲ φῐλῶ.
- Antonym: μῑσέω (mīséō)
- to treat affectionately or kindly; to welcome, entertain (a guest)
- to regard with sexual passion
- Synonym: ἐρᾰ́ω (eráō)
- (post-Homeric) to show outward signs of affection; to kiss
- to like, approve (a thing)
- (post-Homeric) to enjoy, be fond; to be wont, be used (to doing something)
Inflection
Present: φῐλέω, φῐλέομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῐλέω | φῐλέεις | φῐλέει | φῐλέετον | φῐλέετον | φῐλέομεν | φῐλέετε | φῐλέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | φῐλέω | φῐλέῃς | φῐλέῃ | φῐλέητον | φῐλέητον | φῐλέωμεν | φῐλέητε | φῐλέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῐλέοιμῐ | φῐλέοις | φῐλέοι | φῐλέοιτον | φῐλεοίτην | φῐλέοιμεν | φῐλέοιτε | φῐλέοιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῐ́λεε | φῐλεέτω | φῐλέετον | φῐλεέτων | φῐλέετε | φῐλεόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | φῐλέομαι | φῐλέῃ, φῐλέει | φῐλέεται | φῐλέεσθον | φῐλέεσθον | φῐλεόμεθᾰ | φῐλέεσθε | φῐλέονται | ||||
| subjunctive | φῐλέωμαι | φῐλέῃ | φῐλέηται | φῐλέησθον | φῐλέησθον | φῐλεώμεθᾰ | φῐλέησθε | φῐλέωνται | |||||
| optative | φῐλεοίμην | φῐλέοιο | φῐλέοιτο | φῐλέοισθον | φῐλεοίσθην | φῐλεοίμεθᾰ | φῐλέοισθε | φῐλέοιντο | |||||
| imperative | φῐλέου | φῐλεέσθω | φῐλέεσθον | φῐλεέσθων | φῐλέεσθε | φῐλεέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῐλέειν | φῐλέεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φῐλέων | φῐλεόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φῐλέουσᾰ | φῐλεομένη | |||||||||||
| n | φῐλέον | φῐλεόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Present: φῐλῶ, φῐλοῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῐλῶ | φῐλεῖς | φῐλεῖ | φῐλεῖτον | φῐλεῖτον | φῐλοῦμεν | φῐλεῖτε | φῐλοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | φῐλῶ | φῐλῇς | φῐλῇ | φῐλῆτον | φῐλῆτον | φῐλῶμεν | φῐλῆτε | φῐλῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῐλοίην, φῐλοῖμῐ | φῐλοίης, φῐλοῖς | φῐλοίη, φῐλοῖ | φῐλοῖτον, φῐλοίητον | φῐλοίτην, φῐλοιήτην | φῐλοῖμεν, φῐλοίημεν | φῐλοῖτε, φῐλοίητε | φῐλοῖεν, φῐλοίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | φῐ́λει | φῐλείτω | φῐλεῖτον | φῐλείτων | φῐλεῖτε | φῐλούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | φῐλοῦμαι | φῐλεῖ, φῐλῇ | φῐλεῖται | φῐλεῖσθον | φῐλεῖσθον | φῐλούμεθᾰ | φῐλεῖσθε | φῐλοῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | φῐλῶμαι | φῐλῇ | φῐλῆται | φῐλῆσθον | φῐλῆσθον | φῐλώμεθᾰ | φῐλῆσθε | φῐλῶνται | |||||
| optative | φῐλοίμην | φῐλοῖο | φῐλοῖτο | φῐλοῖσθον | φῐλοίσθην | φῐλοίμεθᾰ | φῐλοῖσθε | φῐλοῖντο | |||||
| imperative | φῐλοῦ | φῐλείσθω | φῐλεῖσθον | φῐλείσθων | φῐλεῖσθε | φῐλείσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῐλεῖν | φῐλεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φῐλῶν | φῐλούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φῐλοῦσᾰ | φῐλουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | φῐλοῦν | φῐλούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐφῐ́λεον, ἐφῐλεόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐφῐ́λεον | ἐφῐ́λεες | ἐφῐ́λεε(ν) | ἐφῐλέετον | ἐφῐλεέτην | ἐφῐλέομεν | ἐφῐλέετε | ἐφῐ́λεον | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐφῐλεόμην | ἐφῐλέου | ἐφῐλέετο | ἐφῐλέεσθον | ἐφῐλεέσθην | ἐφῐλεόμεθᾰ | ἐφῐλέεσθε | ἐφῐλέοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐφῐ́λουν, ἐφῐλούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐφῐ́λουν | ἐφῐ́λεις | ἐφῐ́λει | ἐφῐλεῖτον | ἐφῐλείτην | ἐφῐλοῦμεν | ἐφῐλεῖτε | ἐφῐ́λουν | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐφῐλούμην | ἐφῐλοῦ | ἐφῐλεῖτο | ἐφῐλεῖσθον | ἐφῐλείσθην | ἐφῐλούμεθᾰ | ἐφῐλεῖσθε | ἐφῐλοῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: φῐλήσω, φῐλήσομαι, φῐληθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῐλήσω | φῐλήσεις | φῐλήσει | φῐλήσετον | φῐλήσετον | φῐλήσομεν | φῐλήσετε | φῐλήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | φῐλήσοιμῐ | φῐλήσοις | φῐλήσοι | φῐλήσοιτον | φῐλησοίτην | φῐλήσοιμεν | φῐλήσοιτε | φῐλήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | φῐλήσομαι | φῐλήσῃ, φῐλήσει | φῐλήσεται | φῐλήσεσθον | φῐλήσεσθον | φῐλησόμεθᾰ | φῐλήσεσθε | φῐλήσονται | ||||
| optative | φῐλησοίμην | φῐλήσοιο | φῐλήσοιτο | φῐλήσοισθον | φῐλησοίσθην | φῐλησοίμεθᾰ | φῐλήσοισθε | φῐλήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | φῐληθήσομαι | φῐληθήσῃ | φῐληθήσεται | φῐληθήσεσθον | φῐληθήσεσθον | φῐληθησόμεθᾰ | φῐληθήσεσθε | φῐληθήσονται | ||||
| optative | φῐληθησοίμην | φῐληθήσοιο | φῐληθήσοιτο | φῐληθήσοισθον | φῐληθησοίσθην | φῐληθησοίμεθᾰ | φῐληθήσοισθε | φῐληθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | φῐλήσειν | φῐλήσεσθαι | φῐληθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | φῐλήσων | φῐλησόμενος | φῐληθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | φῐλήσουσᾰ | φῐλησομένη | φῐληθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | φῐλῆσον | φῐλησόμενον | φῐληθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐφῐ́λησᾰ, ἐφῐλησᾰ́μην, ἐφῐλήθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐφῐ́λησᾰ | ἐφῐ́λησᾰς | ἐφῐ́λησε(ν) | ἐφῐλήσᾰτον | ἐφῐλησᾰ́την | ἐφῐλήσᾰμεν | ἐφῐλήσᾰτε | ἐφῐ́λησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φῐλήσω | φῐλήσῃς | φῐλήσῃ | φῐλήσητον | φῐλήσητον | φῐλήσωμεν | φῐλήσητε | φῐλήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῐλήσαιμῐ | φῐλήσειᾰς, φῐλήσαις | φῐλήσειε(ν), φῐλήσαι | φῐλήσαιτον | φῐλησαίτην | φῐλήσαιμεν | φῐλήσαιτε | φῐλήσειᾰν, φῐλήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῐ́λησον | φῐλησᾰ́τω | φῐλήσᾰτον | φῐλησᾰ́των | φῐλήσᾰτε | φῐλησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐφῐλησᾰ́μην | ἐφῐλήσω | ἐφῐλήσᾰτο | ἐφῐλήσᾰσθον | ἐφῐλησᾰ́σθην | ἐφῐλησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐφῐλήσᾰσθε | ἐφῐλήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | φῐλήσωμαι | φῐλήσῃ | φῐλήσηται | φῐλήσησθον | φῐλήσησθον | φῐλησώμεθᾰ | φῐλήσησθε | φῐλήσωνται | |||||
| optative | φῐλησαίμην | φῐλήσαιο | φῐλήσαιτο | φῐλήσαισθον | φῐλησαίσθην | φῐλησαίμεθᾰ | φῐλήσαισθε | φῐλήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | φῐ́λησαι | φῐλησᾰ́σθω | φῐλήσᾰσθον | φῐλησᾰ́σθων | φῐλήσᾰσθε | φῐλησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐφῐλήθην | ἐφῐλήθης | ἐφῐλήθη | ἐφῐλήθητον | ἐφῐληθήτην | ἐφῐλήθημεν | ἐφῐλήθητε | ἐφῐλήθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φῐληθῶ | φῐληθῇς | φῐληθῇ | φῐληθῆτον | φῐληθῆτον | φῐληθῶμεν | φῐληθῆτε | φῐληθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῐληθείην | φῐληθείης | φῐληθείη | φῐληθεῖτον, φῐληθείητον | φῐληθείτην, φῐληθειήτην | φῐληθεῖμεν, φῐληθείημεν | φῐληθεῖτε, φῐληθείητε | φῐληθεῖεν, φῐληθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | φῐλήθητῐ | φῐληθήτω | φῐλήθητον | φῐληθήτων | φῐλήθητε | φῐληθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | φῐλῆσαι | φῐλήσᾰσθαι | φῐληθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | φῐλήσᾱς | φῐλησᾰ́μενος | φῐληθείς | |||||||||
| f | φῐλήσᾱσᾰ | φῐλησᾰμένη | φῐληθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | φῐλῆσᾰν | φῐλησᾰ́μενον | φῐληθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: πεφῐ́ληκᾰ, πεφῐ́λημαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πεφῐ́ληκᾰ | πεφῐ́ληκᾰς | πεφῐ́ληκε(ν) | πεφῐλήκᾰτον | πεφῐλήκᾰτον | πεφῐλήκᾰμεν | πεφῐλήκᾰτε | πεφῐλήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | πεφῐλήκω | πεφῐλήκῃς | πεφῐλήκῃ | πεφῐλήκητον | πεφῐλήκητον | πεφῐλήκωμεν | πεφῐλήκητε | πεφῐλήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πεφῐλήκοιμῐ, πεφῐληκοίην | πεφῐλήκοις, πεφῐληκοίης | πεφῐλήκοι, πεφῐληκοίη | πεφῐλήκοιτον | πεφῐληκοίτην | πεφῐλήκοιμεν | πεφῐλήκοιτε | πεφῐλήκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | πεφῐ́ληκε | πεφῐληκέτω | πεφῐλήκετον | πεφῐληκέτων | πεφῐλήκετε | πεφῐληκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | πεφῐ́λημαι | πεφῐ́λησαι | πεφῐ́ληται | πεφῐ́λησθον | πεφῐ́λησθον | πεφῐλήμεθᾰ | πεφῐ́λησθε | πεφῐ́ληνται | ||||
| subjunctive | πεφῐλημένος ὦ | πεφῐλημένος ᾖς | πεφῐλημένος ᾖ | πεφῐλημένω ἦτον | πεφῐλημένω ἦτον | πεφῐλημένοι ὦμεν | πεφῐλημένοι ἦτε | πεφῐλημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πεφῐλημένος εἴην | πεφῐλημένος εἴης | πεφῐλημένος εἴη | πεφῐλημένω εἴητον/εἶτον | πεφῐλημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | πεφῐλημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | πεφῐλημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | πεφῐλημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | πεφῐ́λησο | πεφῐλήσθω | πεφῐ́λησθον | πεφῐλήσθων | πεφῐ́λησθε | πεφῐλήσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεφῐληκέναι | πεφῐλῆσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | πεφῐληκώς | πεφῐλημένος | ||||||||||
| f | πεφῐληκυῖᾰ | πεφῐλημένη | |||||||||||
| n | πεφῐληκός | πεφῐλημένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐπεφῐλήκειν, ἐπεφῐλήμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπεφῐλήκειν, ἐπεφῐλήκη | ἐπεφῐλήκεις, ἐπεφῐλήκης | ἐπεφῐλήκει(ν) | ἐπεφῐλήκετον | ἐπεφῐληκέτην | ἐπεφῐλήκεμεν | ἐπεφῐλήκετε | ἐπεφῐλήκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | ἐπεφῐλήμην | ἐπεφῐ́λησο | ἐπεφῐ́λητο | ἐπεφῐ́λησθον | ἐπεφῐλήσθην | ἐπεφῐλήμεθᾰ | ἐπεφῐ́λησθε | ἐπεφῐ́ληντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future perfect: πεφῐλήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive | indicative | πεφῐλήσομαι | πεφῐλήσῃ, πεφῐλήσει | πεφῐλήσεται | πεφῐλήσεσθον | πεφῐλήσεσθον | πεφῐλησόμεθᾰ | πεφῐλήσεσθε | πεφῐλήσονται | ||||
| optative | πεφῐλησοίμην | πεφῐλήσοιο | πεφῐλήσοιτο | πεφῐλήσοισθον | πεφῐλησοίσθην | πεφῐλησοίμεθᾰ | πεφῐλήσοισθε | πεφῐλήσοιντο | |||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεφῐλήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πεφῐλησόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | πεφῐλησομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | πεφῐλησόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ᾰ̓λληλοφῐλέω (allēlophiléō)
- ᾰ̓ντῐφῐλέω (antiphiléō)
- ἐκφῐλέω (ekphiléō)
- κᾰτᾰφῐλέω (kataphiléō)
- παιδοφῐλέω (paidophiléō)
- προσφῐλέω (prosphiléō)
- σῠμφῐλέω (sumphiléō)
- ῠ̔περφῐλέω (huperphiléō)
- ῠ̔ποφῐλέω (hupophiléō)
- φῐ́λημᾰ (phílēma)
- φῐλήμη (philḗmē)
- φιλήρετμος (philḗretmos)
- φῐ́λησῐς (phílēsis)
- φῐλητής (philētḗs)
- φῐλητός (philētós)
- φῐλήτωρ (philḗtōr)
- φῐλῐ́ᾱ (philíā)
- φῐ́λτρον (phíltron)
- χωροφῐλέω (khōrophiléō)
Descendants
- Greek: φιλώ (filó)
- Pontic Greek: φιλώ (filó)
References
- “φιλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φιλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φιλέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φιλέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φιλέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φιλέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5368 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible