φακός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- φᾰκόν (phakón)
Etymology
Possibly Pre-Greek, if ἀφάκη (aphákē, “vetch”) can be connected. Phonetically, this word agrees well with Albanian bathë (“fava bean”), which is from Proto-Albanian *batsā. The initial syllable φα- also occurs in Latin faba (“bean”), Russian боб (bob, “bean”) and Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”). Another theory derives the word from Illyrian; if so it could be a doublet of φάσηλος (phásēlos).However note Classical Syriac ܦܘܗܘ (pāhū), ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) vs ܦܘܗܐ (pāhā, pāhū, “pimple, pustule, sore”), paralleling Akkadian 𒄘𒌉 (GU₂.TUR /kakkû/, “lentil”) already found in Old Akkadian vs. 𒆕𒆪𒌈 (kak-ku-tum /kakkūtu/, “single lentil; pimple, acne, pustule?”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰa.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰaˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸaˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /faˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /faˈkos/
Noun
φᾰκός • (phakós) m (genitive φᾰκοῦ); second declension
- lentil (Lens culinaris) and its seed
- anything shaped like a lentil:
- sort of hot water bottle
- mole, birthmark, spot on the skin
- ornament on beds
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ φᾰκός ho phakós | τὼ φᾰκώ tṑ phakṓ | οἱ φᾰκοί hoi phakoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ φᾰκοῦ toû phakoû | τοῖν φᾰκοῖν toîn phakoîn | τῶν φᾰκῶν tôn phakôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ φᾰκῷ tôi phakôi | τοῖν φᾰκοῖν toîn phakoîn | τοῖς φᾰκοῖς toîs phakoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν φᾰκόν tòn phakón | τὼ φᾰκώ tṑ phakṓ | τοὺς φᾰκούς toùs phakoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | φᾰκέ phaké | φᾰκώ phakṓ | φᾰκοί phakoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- Φᾰκᾶς (Phakâs)
- φᾰκεψός (phakepsós)
- φᾰκῆ (phakê)
- φᾰ́κῐνος (phákinos)
- φᾰ́κῐον (phákion)
- φᾰκοειδής (phakoeidḗs)
- φᾰκόμελῐ (phakómeli)
- φᾰκοπτῐσᾰ́νη (phakoptisánē)
- φᾰκοπώλῐον (phakopṓlion)
- φᾰκώδης (phakṓdēs)
- φᾰ́κωσῐς (phákōsis)
- φᾰκωτός (phakōtós)
Further reading
- “φακός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φακός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φακός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- lentil idem, page 485.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 3052b
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 444, about Semitic words for freckles from words for lentil. In particular “ṭlpḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, “ṭlpḥwn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, “ṭlpḥn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986– – potentially the Classical Syriac ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) and the Greek are the second half of this word.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek φακός (phakós).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fa.ˈkos/
Noun
φακός • (fakós) m (plural φακοί)
- (optics) lens
- torch (UK), flashlight (US)
Declension
case \\ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | φακός • | φακοί • |
genitive | φακού • | φακών • |
accusative | φακό • | φακούς • |
vocative | φακέ • | φακοί • |
Related terms
- φακός επαφής m (fakós epafís, “contact lens”)
- αμφίκοιλος (amfíkoilos, “biconcave”, adjective)
- αμφίκυρτος (amfíkyrtos, “biconvex”, adjective)
Further reading
φακός on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el