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单词 τρέφω
释义

τρέφω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

  • τρᾰ́φω (tráphō) Doric

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰrépʰō with deaspiration of the /tʰ/ to /t/ by Grassmann's law everywhere except in forms where the /pʰ/ has been deaspirated to /p/ by a following consonant (future, first aorist, perfect middle). According to Beekes, Pre-Greek substratum word. Within Indo-European it is usually compared to Lithuanian drìbti (to fall down in flakes) and drė̃bti (to throw a thick fluid) but with unclear semantic connection, as well as expressions for "dregs" in Celtic, Germanic and Slavic, linking it to Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ-.

Pronunciation

 
  • (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tré.pʰɔː/
  • (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtre.pʰo/
  • (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈtre.ɸo/
  • (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈtre.fo/
  • (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈtre.fo/

Verb

τρέφω (tréphō)

  1. to thicken, congeal, curdle
  2. to make to grow, to increase, bring up, breed, rear (especially of children)
    1. (of slaves, cattle, etc.) to rear and keep, raise
    2. to tend, cherish
    3. (of parts of the body) to let grown, cherish, foster
    4. (poetic, of earth and sea) to breed, produce, teem with
    5. (poetic) to have within oneself, to contain, keep, have
  3. to maintain, support
    1. (in historical writers) to maintain or subsist an army
    2. (of land) to feed, maintain one
  4. to bring up, rear, educate
  5. the passive sometimes came to mean little more than "to be"

Inflection

Derived terms

  • ἀνατρέφω (anatréphō)
  • ἀντεκτρέφω (antektréphō)
  • ἀντιτρέφω (antitréphō)
  • ἀποτρέφω (apotréphō)
  • βουτρόφος (boutróphos)
  • διατρέφω (diatréphō)
  • ἐκτρέφω (ektréphō)
  • ἐντρέφω (entréphō)
  • ἐπανατρέφω (epanatréphō)
  • ἐπιτρέφω (epitréphō)
  • θρεπτῐκός (threptikós)
  • θρεπτός (threptós)
  • ἰχθυοτρόφος (ikhthuotróphos)
  • λῐπᾰρότροφος (liparótrophos)
  • μετατρέφω (metatréphō)
  • ὀλιγότροφος (oligótrophos)
  • παρατρέφω (paratréphō)
  • περιτρέφω (peritréphō)
  • πολύτροφος (polútrophos)
  • προσανατρέφω (prosanatréphō)
  • προστρέφω (prostréphō)
  • προτρέφω (protréphō)
  • προϋποτρέφω (proüpotréphō)
  • συμπαρατρέφω (sumparatréphō)
  • συνανατρέφω (sunanatréphō)
  • συνδιατρέφω (sundiatréphō)
  • συνεκτρέφω (sunektréphō)
  • συντρέφω (suntréphō)
  • τεθρῐπποτρόφος (tethrippotróphos)
  • τρόφος (tróphos)
  • ὑποτρέφω (hupotréphō)
  • ψῡχοτρόφος (psūkhotróphos)

Further reading

  • τρέφω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • τρέφω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • τρέφω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • τρέφω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • τρέφω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • τρέφω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • G5142 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1504ff
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
    • board idem, page 86.
    • breed idem, page 97.
    • bring idem, page 99.
    • cater idem, page 118.
    • cherish idem, page 129.
    • cultivate idem, page 188.
    • educate idem, page 262.
    • entertain idem, page 277.
    • fatten idem, page 310.
    • feed idem, page 313.
    • foster idem, page 340.
    • grow idem, page 376.
    • harbour idem, page 385.
    • keep idem, page 467.
    • maintain idem, page 508.
    • nourish idem, page 562.
    • nurse idem, page 563.
    • nurture idem, page 563.
    • rear idem, page 676.
    • support idem, page 841.
    • sustain idem, page 846.
    • teach idem, page 859.
    • train idem, page 886.

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek τρέφω (tréphō), probably from Proto-Hellenic *tʰrépʰō.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtɾe.fo/
  • Hyphenation: τρέ‧φω

Verb

τρέφω (tréfo) (past έθρεψα, passive τρέφομαι, ppast τράφηκα, ppp θρεμμένος)

  1. (transitive) feed, nourish, maintain
  2. (intransitive) heal, be raised

Conjugation

Synonyms

  • (feed): ταΐζω (taḯzo)
  • θρέψη f (thrépsi)
  • θρέψιμο n (thrépsimo)
  • θρεπτός (threptós)
  • τροφέας m (troféas)
  • τροφή f (trofí, food)
  • -τροφία f (-trofía, breeding of)
  • τροφικός (trofikós, of food)
  • τρόφιμο n (trófimo, food)
  • τρόφιμος m (trófimos, inmate; boarder)
  • τροφοδοσία f (trofodosía, supply)
  • τροφοδότης m (trofodótis, supplier)
  • τροφοδοτώ (trofodotó, I supply)
  • -τρόφος m or f (-trófos, breeder of)
compounds of the verb
  • ανατρέφω (anatréfo) / αναθρέφω (anathréfo, bring up, nurture)
  • διατρέφω (diatréfo, feed)
  • εκτρέφω (ektréfo, breed)
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