Τίγρης

Τίγρης

See also: τίγρης

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• Τῐ́γρῐς (Tígris)

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (t-i-g-r-a /Tigrā/), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^ÍDIdiqlat) from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^ÍDIdigna, ^ÍDIdigina, literally “fast as an arrow”), because Tigris is rough and fast flowing compared to the neighboring Euphrates. Compare with Classical Syriac ܕܩܠܬ‎ (deqlāṯ), Old Armenian Դգլաթ (Dglatʿ), Arabic دِجْلَة‎ (dijla), Hebrew חידקל / חִדֶּקֶל‎ (ḥiddéqel)), all borrowed from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^ÍDIdiqlat).

Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (Arvand, “Tigris”, literally “swift”) (compare Avestan -𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙‎ (-a^uruuant)).[1] Compare also Achaemenid Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (ti-ig-ra).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tí.ɡrɛːs/ → /ˈti.ɣris/ → /ˈti.ɣris/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tí.ɡrɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɡre̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/

Proper noun

Τῐ́γρης • (Tígrēs) m (genitive Τῐ́γρητος); third declension

1. the river Tigris

   Synonym: Σόλλᾰξ (Sóllax)

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ Τῐ́γρης; τοῦ Τῐ́γρητος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Τῐ́γρης ho Tígrēs
Genitive	τοῦ Τῐ́γρητος toû Tígrētos
Dative	τῷ Τῐ́γρητῐ tôi Tígrēti
Accusative	τὸν Τῐ́γρητᾰ tòn Tígrēta
Vocative	Τῐ́γρης Tígrēs
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Descendants

• Greek: Τίγρης (Tígris), Τίγρητας (Tígritas)
• → Armenian: Տիգրիս (Tigris)
• → Latin: Tigris

References

• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,028

1. Jahanshah Derakhshani, “Some Earliest Traces of the Aryan: Evidence from the 4th and 3rd Millennium B.C.”, Iran and the Caucasus, vol. 5 (Leiden: Brill, 2001), 11.