τάρβος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The word is often compared with Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, revile”), Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”) and Welsh tarfu (“to scare away”). However, the semantic development of "angry, fierce" to "awe" in Greek is not clear. Furnée compares ταρμύσσω (tarmússō, “to frighten”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tár.bos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.bos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.βos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.vos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.vos/

Noun

τάρβος • (tárbos) n (genitive τάρβεος); third declension

alarm, terror, fright
awe, reverence

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ τᾰ́ρβος; τοῦ τᾰ́ρβεος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ τᾰ́ρβος tò tárbos	τὼ τᾰ́ρβεε tṑ tárbee	τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ρβεᾰ tà tárbea
Genitive	τοῦ τᾰ́ρβεος toû tárbeos	τοῖν τᾰρβέοιν toîn tarbéoin	τῶν τᾰρβέων tôn tarbéōn
Dative	τῷ τᾰ́ρβεῐ̈ tôi tárbeï	τοῖν τᾰρβέοιν toîn tarbéoin	τοῖς τᾰ́ρβεσῐ / τᾰ́ρβεσῐν toîs tárbesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ τᾰ́ρβος tò tárbos	τὼ τᾰ́ρβεε tṑ tárbee	τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ρβεᾰ tà tárbea
Vocative	τᾰ́ρβος tárbos	τᾰ́ρβεε tárbee	τᾰ́ρβεᾰ tárbea
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ταρβοσύνη (tarbosúnē)
ταρβόσυνος (tarbósunos)

References

τάρβος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
τάρβος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
τάρβος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
τάρβος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004174207