σῦκον
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- τῦκον (tûkon) – Boeotian
Etymology
Since long connected with Latin fīcus and Old Armenian թուզ (tʿuz), and considered a borrowing from a Mediterranean or Anatolian substrate source, to which there are likewise to ascribe Hebrew שִׁקְמָה (šiqmā́, “sycamore fig”) – borrowed into συκάμινος (sukáminos) – and possibly Proto-Slavic *tyky (“gourd”). Martirosyan reconstructs a Mediterranean *tʰuōiḱo- or *tʰū(i)ḱo- (“fig”). The use of words for fruits (fig, plum etc.) in the sense of “vulva” is very common cross-linguistically.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sŷː.kon/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈsy.kon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsy.kon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsy.kon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsi.kon/
Noun
σῦκον • (sûkon) n (genitive σῡ́κου); second declension
- fig, the fruit of the συκῆ (sukê)
- Homer, Odyssey 7.121
- Herodotus, Histories 2.40
- a large wart on the eyelids
- Aristophanes, The Frogs 1247, (Compare Hippocrates, Epidemics 3.1085)
- hemorrhoids
- vulva
- Aristophanes, Peace 1349, (Compare 1346)
Inflection
Second declension of τὸ σῦκον; τοῦ σῡ́κου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ σῦκον tò sûkon | τὼ σῡ́κω tṑ sū́kō | τᾰ̀ σῦκᾰ tà sûka | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σῡ́κου toû sū́kou | τοῖν σῡ́κοιν toîn sū́koin | τῶν σῡ́κων tôn sū́kōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σῡ́κῳ tôi sū́kōi | τοῖν σῡ́κοιν toîn sū́koin | τοῖς σῡ́κοις toîs sū́kois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ σῦκον tò sûkon | τὼ σῡ́κω tṑ sū́kō | τᾰ̀ σῦκᾰ tà sûka | ||||||||||
Vocative | σῦκον sûkon | σῡ́κω sū́kō | σῦκᾰ sûka | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- βούσῡκον (boúsūkon)
- σῡ́κινος (sū́kinos)
- σῡκοφᾰ́ντης (sūkophántēs)
- σῡκόμορος (sūkómoros, “fig-mulberry”)
- σῡκοτρᾰ́γος (sūkotrágos)
- σῡκόφῠλλον (sūkóphullon)
- σῡκών (sūkṓn)
- βασίλεια σῦκον (basíleia sûkon)
- σῡκέᾱ (sūkéā)
Related terms
- συκῆ (sukê)
Descendants
- Greek: σύκο (sýko)
- → Latin: syconus
- → English: syconus
- → Portuguese: sícono
See also
- νικύλεον (nikúleon)
References
- “σῦκον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σῦκον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σῦκον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4810 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- fig idem, page 318.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1421
- Lewy, Heinrich (1895) Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen (in German), Berlin: R. Gaertner’s Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 23
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 274–280
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “t‘uz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 295
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship, issue 10, § 6.4.4., page 117