στυφελός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From στυφελίζω (stuphelízō, “to strike hard, beat”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sty.pʰe.lós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /sty.pʰeˈlos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /sty.ɸeˈlos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /sty.feˈlos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /sti.feˈlos/
Adjective
στῠφελός • (stuphelós) m (feminine στῠφελή, neuter στῠφελόν); first/second declension
- hard, rough
- astringent, sour, acid
- Synonym: στρυφνός (struphnós)
- harsh, severe, cruel
- Synonyms: αὐστηρός (austērós), σκληρός (sklērós), τραχύς (trakhús)
Inflection
First and second declension of στῠφελός; στῠφελή; στῠφελόν (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | στῠφελός stuphelós | στῠφελή stuphelḗ | στῠφελόν stuphelón | στῠφελώ stuphelṓ | στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́ | στῠφελώ stuphelṓ | στῠφελοί stupheloí | στῠφελαί stuphelaí | στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá | |||||
Genitive | στῠφελοῦ stupheloû | στῠφελῆς stuphelês | στῠφελοῦ stupheloû | στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn | στῠφελαῖν stuphelaîn | στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn | στῠφελῶν stuphelôn | στῠφελῶν stuphelôn | στῠφελῶν stuphelôn | |||||
Dative | στῠφελῷ stuphelôi | στῠφελῇ stuphelêi | στῠφελῷ stuphelôi | στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn | στῠφελαῖν stuphelaîn | στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn | στῠφελοῖς stupheloîs | στῠφελαῖς stuphelaîs | στῠφελοῖς stupheloîs | |||||
Accusative | στῠφελόν stuphelón | στῠφελήν stuphelḗn | στῠφελόν stuphelón | στῠφελώ stuphelṓ | στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́ | στῠφελώ stuphelṓ | στῠφελούς stupheloús | στῠφελᾱ́ς stuphelā́s | στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá | |||||
Vocative | στῠφελέ stuphelé | στῠφελή stuphelḗ | στῠφελόν stuphelón | στῠφελώ stuphelṓ | στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́ | στῠφελώ stuphelṓ | στῠφελοί stupheloí | στῠφελαί stuphelaí | στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
στῠφελῶς stuphelôs | στῠφελώτερος stuphelṓteros | στῠφελώτᾰτος stuphelṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- ἀστυφελός (astuphelós)
- καταστυφελός (katastuphelós)
- στυφελώδης (stuphelṓdēs)
References
- “στυφελός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “στυφελός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- στυφελός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN