στοιχεῖον
Ancient Greek
FWOTD – 27 February 2015
Etymology
στοῖχος (stoîkhos) + -εῖον (-eîon)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /stoi̯.kʰêː.on/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /styˈkʰi.on/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /styˈçi.on/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /styˈçi.on/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /stiˈçi.on/
Noun
στοιχεῖον • (stoikheîon) n (genitive στοιχείου); second declension
- (properly) one of a row:
- (in the sun-dial) the shadow of the gnomon, which advances regularly hour after hour
- 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 652
- 4th century BC, Eubulus, Incert. 1
- 362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, ap. Phot.
- (in the sun-dial) the shadow of the gnomon, which advances regularly hour after hour
- (generally) one of a series, a component part, an element:
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.3.1
- 350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 3.3.1
- a simple sound of the voice, as the first element of language; an elementary sound, as distinct from a letter (γράμμα, grámma)
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 424d
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 426d
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 202e
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poët. 20.2
- (physics, usually in the plural) any one of the component parts of matter, an element
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 201e
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 278c
- 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 48b
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption 1.8.3
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 2.3.2
- 3rd century AD, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 3.24
- Bentl., Phal. 523
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 1.1.1
- Thales, ap. Plut. 2.875d
- Anaxim., ap. Diog. L. 2.1
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 1.5.6
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 12.10.5
- (Aristotelianism) the material cause of a thing, as opposed to the formal or motive cause (ἀρχή, arkhḗ)
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.1.1
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.3.1
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 6.17.2
- Orph., H. 4.4
- Babr. 71.4
- (in the plural) the elements of knowledge and the sciences
- (geometry) points, lines, surfaces
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 12.3
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.3
- (arithmetic) units
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.3
- (grammar) parts of speech
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poët. 20.1
- 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, de Comp. 2
- (logic) the major premisses of syllogisms
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.3.3
- (rhetoric) commonplaces
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1.6.1
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.22.13
- (geometry) points, lines, surfaces
- (generally) a simple or elementary principle
- Xea., Mem. 2.1.1
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 18a
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 5.9.5
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1.9.12
- Nicol., Incert. 1.30
- (in later writers) a planet
- Eccl.
- Vales. ad Eus., H.E. 3.31
- Manetho 4.624
- (especially) a sign of the Zodiac
- 3rd century AD, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 6.102
Declension
Second declension of τὸ στοιχεῖον; τοῦ στοιχείου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ στοιχεῖον tò stoikheîon | τὼ στοιχείω tṑ stoikheíō | τᾰ̀ στοιχεῖᾰ tà stoikheîa | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ στοιχείου toû stoikheíou | τοῖν στοιχείοιν toîn stoikheíoin | τῶν στοιχείων tôn stoikheíōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ στοιχείῳ tôi stoikheíōi | τοῖν στοιχείοιν toîn stoikheíoin | τοῖς στοιχείοις toîs stoikheíois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ στοιχεῖον tò stoikheîon | τὼ στοιχείω tṑ stoikheíō | τᾰ̀ στοιχεῖᾰ tà stoikheîa | ||||||||||
Vocative | στοιχεῖον stoikheîon | στοιχείω stoikheíō | στοιχεῖᾰ stoikheîa | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- (physics: component part of matter, element): ἀρχή (arkhḗ) (in Thales and Anaximenes, but not in Aristotle), ῥίζωμᾰ (rhízōma) (Empedoclean)
- (sign of the Zodiac): στοιχειώμᾰτᾰ n pl (stoikheiṓmata)
Derived terms
- κᾰτᾰ̀ στοιχεῖον (katà stoikheîon)
- Στοιχείᾰ (Stoikheía)
- στοιχειᾰκός (stoikheiakós)
- στοιχειογρᾰφέω (stoikheiographéō)
- στοιχειοκρᾰ́τωρ (stoikheiokrátōr)
- στοιχειολάτρης (stoikheiolátrēs)
- στοιχειολογῐ́ᾱ (stoikheiologíā)
- στοιχειόω (stoikheióō)
- στοιχειώδης (stoikheiṓdēs)
- στοιχείωμᾰ (stoikheíōma)
- στοιχείωσῐς (stoikheíōsis)
- στοιχειωτής (stoikheiōtḗs)
- στοιχειωτῐκός (stoikheiōtikós)
- στοιχειωτός (stoikheiōtós)
Descendants
- Greek: στοιχειό (stoicheió)
- → Greek: στοιχείο (stoicheío)
- →? Albanian: stihji
- → Latin: stoechīon
- → Old Georgian: სტჳქისი (sṭwikisi)
- → Russian: стихия (stixija)
References
- “στοιχεῖον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- στοιχεῖον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G4747 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- sundial idem, page 838.