σμάραγδος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μᾰ́ραγδος (máragdos)

Etymology

Borrowed from a Semitic language, related to Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת‎ (baréket, “emerald, flashing gem”), Akkadian 𒁀𒊏𒄣 (/baraqu/, literally “scintillation”), Arabic بَرْق‎ (barq, “lightning, flashing, shining, dazzling”) and loanwords of Semitic origin such as Sanskrit मरकत (marakata), Persian ‎ (zomorrod) and Old Armenian զմրուխտ (zmruxt).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /zmá.raɡ.dos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈzma.raɡ.dos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈzma.raɣ.ðos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈzma.raɣ.ðos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈzma.raɣ.ðos/

Noun

σμᾰ́ραγδος • (smáragdos) f (genitive σμᾰράγδου); second declension

emerald

Inflection

Second declension of ἡ σμᾰ́ραγδος; τῆς σμᾰράγδου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ σμᾰ́ραγδος hē smáragdos	τὼ σμᾰράγδω tṑ smarágdō	αἱ σμᾰ́ραγδοι hai smáragdoi
Genitive	τῆς σμᾰράγδου tês smarágdou	τοῖν σμᾰράγδοιν toîn smarágdoin	τῶν σμᾰράγδων tôn smarágdōn
Dative	τῇ σμᾰράγδῳ têi smarágdōi	τοῖν σμᾰράγδοιν toîn smarágdoin	ταῖς σμᾰράγδοις taîs smarágdois
Accusative	τὴν σμᾰ́ραγδον tḕn smáragdon	τὼ σμᾰράγδω tṑ smarágdō	τᾱ̀ς σμᾰράγδους tā̀s smarágdous
Vocative	σμᾰ́ραγδε smáragde	σμᾰράγδω smarágdō	σμᾰ́ραγδοι smáragdoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

σμαράγδινος (smarágdinos)

Descendants

→ Arabic: زُمُرُّد‎ (zumurrud)
→ Azerbaijani: zümrüd
→ Bulgarian: изумруд (izumrud)
→ Catalan: maragda f, esmaragda f
→ Chinese: 祖母綠／祖母绿 (zǔmǔlǜ)
→ Czech: smaragd m
→ Danish: smaragd
→ Dutch: smaragd m
→ English: emerald
→ Esperanto: smeraldo
→ Estonian: smaragd
→ Finnish: smaragdi
→ French: émeraude f
→ German: Smaragd m
Greek: σμαράγδι n (smarágdi)
→ Hebrew: אזמרגד‎ (izmaragd)
→ Hungarian: smaragd
→ Icelandic: smaragður m
→ Indonesian: zamrud
→ Interlingua: esmeraldo
→ Italian: smeraldo
→ Japanese: エメラルド (emerarudo)
→ Korean: 에메랄드 (emeraldeu)
→ Latin: smaragdus m, smaraudus m, esmeraldus m, esmeralda f
→ Lithuanian: smaragdas m
→ Macedonian: смарагд m (smaragd)
→ Persian: زمرد‎ (zomorrod)
→ Polish: szmaragd m
→ Portuguese: esmeralda f
→ Romanian: smarald n, smarand n, smaragd n
→ Russian: изумруд m (izumrud)
→ Sicilian: smaraudu m,
→ Spanish: esmeralda f
→ Swahili: zumaridi
→ Swedish: smaragd c
→ Thai: มรกต (mɔɔ-rá-gòt)
→ Turkish: zümrüt

References

“σμάραγδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
σμάραγδος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
G4665 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 268