σκύβαλον
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Neumann compares this word with Hittite [script needed] (išḫuwai-, “to throw, scatter, pour”), while Furnée with κύπελλον (kúpellon, “whatever dough and bread is left over on the table”). If the last theory is correct, then the word could be of Pre-Greek origin. However, while κύπελλον (kúpellon) provides only superficial similarities (note the differences in the consonants), a non-Hittite Anatolian form *šḫuwai provides a perfect match. The immediate Anatolian source cannot be identified more precisely, since neither the phonology nor the morphology is specific enough. Possible candidates are Luwian, Lydian or Palaic.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ský.ba.lon/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈsky.ba.lon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈscy.βa.lon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈscy.va.lon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsci.va.lon/
Noun
σκῠ́βᾰλον • (skúbalon) n (genitive σκῠβᾰ́λου); second declension
- dung, excrement, manure
- refuse, offal
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ σκῠ́βᾰλον tò skúbalon | τὼ σκῠβᾰ́λω tṑ skubálō | τᾰ̀ σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ tà skúbala | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σκῠβᾰ́λου toû skubálou | τοῖν σκῠβᾰ́λοιν toîn skubáloin | τῶν σκῠβᾰ́λων tôn skubálōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σκῠβᾰ́λῳ tôi skubálōi | τοῖν σκῠβᾰ́λοιν toîn skubáloin | τοῖς σκῠβᾰ́λοις toîs skubálois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ σκῠ́βᾰλον tò skúbalon | τὼ σκῠβᾰ́λω tṑ skubálō | τᾰ̀ σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ tà skúbala | ||||||||||
Vocative | σκῠ́βᾰλον skúbalon | σκῠβᾰ́λω skubálō | σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ skúbala | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- σκῠβᾰλῐ́ζω (skubalízō)
- σκῠβᾰλῐκός (skubalikós)
- σκῠβᾰλῐσμός (skubalismós)
- σκῠβᾰλώδης (skubalṓdēs)
Descendants
- → English: scybala
References
- Zsolt Simon, (Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), 404.
Further reading
- “σκύβαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σκύβαλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN