σκότος
See also: Σκότος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *skh₃tos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-. Cognates include Old Irish scáth, Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra, “umbrella”), and Old English sceadu (English shadow).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /skó.tos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈsko.tos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsko.tos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsko.tos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsko.tos/
Noun
σκότος • (skótos) m (genitive σκότου); second declension
σκότος • (skótos) n (genitive σκότους); third declension
- darkness, gloom
- Homer, Odyssey 19.389
- Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 817
- Sophocles, Ajax 395
- Plato, Definitions 411B
- the darkness of death
- Homer, Iliad 4.461
- Homer, Iliad 6.11
- the darkness of the netherworld
- Pindar, Fragments 95
- the darkness of the womb
- Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 664
- blindness
- Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1313
- (figuratively) obscurity
- Sophocles, Electra 1396
- Pindar, Fragments 171.5
- (of a person) the mystery, ignorance, deceit
- Hipponax, Fragments 112
- Demosthenes 411.25
- Plato, Laws 864(C)
- the dark part or shadow in a picture
- Eustathius 953.51
Inflection
Second declension of ὁ σκότος; τοῦ σκότου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ σκότος ho skótos | τὼ σκότω tṑ skótō | οἱ σκότοι hoi skótoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σκότου toû skótou | τοῖν σκότοιν toîn skótoin | τῶν σκότων tôn skótōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σκότῳ tôi skótōi | τοῖν σκότοιν toîn skótoin | τοῖς σκότοις toîs skótois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν σκότον tòn skóton | τὼ σκότω tṑ skótō | τοὺς σκότους toùs skótous | ||||||||||
Vocative | σκότε skóte | σκότω skótō | σκότοι skótoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Third declension of τὸ σκότος; τοῦ σκότους (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ σκότος tò skótos | τὼ σκότει tṑ skótei | τᾰ̀ σκότη tà skótē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σκότους toû skótous | τοῖν σκοτοῖν toîn skotoîn | τῶν σκοτῶν tôn skotôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σκότει tôi skótei | τοῖν σκοτοῖν toîn skotoîn | τοῖς σκότεσῐ / σκότεσῐν toîs skótesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ σκότος tò skótos | τὼ σκότει tṑ skótei | τᾰ̀ σκότη tà skótē | ||||||||||
Vocative | σκότος skótos | σκότει skótei | σκότη skótē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Antonyms
- (darkness): φᾰ́ος (pháos), ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā)
Derived terms
- σκοτεινός (skoteinós)
Descendants
- English: scoto-, skoto-
Further reading
- “σκότος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σκότος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σκότος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4655 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- blackness idem, page 81.
- blindness idem, page 83.
- dark idem, page 195.
- darkness idem, page 195.
- dimness idem, page 225.
- dinginess idem, page 225.
- eclipse idem, page 260.
- gloom idem, page 362.
- mist idem, page 535.
- murkiness idem, page 547.
- night idem, page 558.
- obscurity idem, page 566.
- shade idem, page 760.
- sombreness idem, page 793.