σάρξ
See also: σαρξ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- σύρξ (súrx) – Aeolic
Etymology
Originally meaning a piece of meat, it derives from Proto-Indo-European *twerḱ- (“to cut”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sárks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /sarks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /sarks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /sarks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /sarks/
Noun
σάρξ • (sárx) f (genitive σαρκός); third declension
- The material which covers the bones of a creature; flesh
- body
- the edible flesh of a fruit
- The seat of animalistic, immoral desires and thoughts, such as lust
- (Christianity) The physical or natural order, which is opposed to the spiritual
Usage notes
Homer uses σάρξ almost entirely in the plural, with the singular usage specifying a specific part of the body. Later writers use the singular without this distinction.
Inflection
Third declension of ἡ σᾰ́ρξ; τῆς σᾰρκός (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ σᾰ́ρξ hē sárx | τὼ σᾰ́ρκε tṑ sárke | αἱ σᾰ́ρκες hai sárkes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς σᾰρκός tês sarkós | τοῖν σᾰρκοῖν toîn sarkoîn | τῶν σᾰρκῶν tôn sarkôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ σᾰρκῐ́ têi sarkí | τοῖν σᾰρκοῖν toîn sarkoîn | ταῖς σᾰρξῐ́ / σᾰρξῐ́ν taîs sarxí(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν σᾰ́ρκᾰ tḕn sárka | τὼ σᾰ́ρκε tṑ sárke | τᾱ̀ς σᾰ́ρκᾰς tā̀s sárkas | ||||||||||
Vocative | σᾰ́ρξ sárx | σᾰ́ρκε sárke | σᾰ́ρκες sárkes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Third declension of σᾰ́ρξ; σᾰρκός (Epic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | σᾰ́ρξ sárx | σᾰ́ρκε sárke | σᾰ́ρκες sárkes | ||||||||||
Genitive | σᾰρκός sarkós | σᾰρκοῖῐν sarkoîin | σᾰρκῶν sarkôn | ||||||||||
Dative | σᾰρκῐ́ sarkí | σᾰρκοῖῐν sarkoîin | σᾰρξῐ́ / σᾰρξῐ́ν / σᾰ́ρκεσσῐ / σᾰ́ρκεσσῐν / σᾰ́ρκεσῐ / σᾰ́ρκεσῐν sarxí(n) / sárkessi(n) / sárkesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | σᾰ́ρκᾰ sárka | σᾰ́ρκε sárke | σᾰ́ρκᾰς sárkas | ||||||||||
Vocative | σᾰ́ρξ sárx | σᾰ́ρκε sárke | σᾰ́ρκες sárkes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἄσᾰρκος (ásarkos)
- σαρκοκόλλα (sarkokólla)
- σᾰρκολᾰβῐ́ς (sarkolabís)
- σᾰρκόμφᾰλον (sarkómphalon)
- σαρκοφάγος (sarkophágos)
- σαρκάζω (sarkázō)
- σαρκασμός (sarkasmós)
- σαρκικός (sarkikós)
Descendants
- → Coptic: ⲥⲁⲣⲝ (sarks)
- Greek: σάρκα (sárka, “flesh”)
- Albanian: shark
References
- “σάρξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σάρξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- σάρξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4561 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- carrion idem, page 115.
- flesh idem, page 327.
- The PIE root *tu̯erk̑-