πύργος

πύργος

See also: Πύργος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The word is first attested in Homer, Iliad 7.219. Believed to be a borrowed word, perhaps from Urartian 𒁓𒂵𒈾 (bur-ga-na /burgana/, “pillar, column; altar, base, or built-up foundation”), however this may itself be a loan with no known Hurrian cognate; compare also Old Armenian բուրգն (burgn, “pyramid”). Others connect the word to Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg (English borough). Kretschmer suggested a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortified town, hill-fort”) mediated through some Northern Balkans language (Ancient Macedonian?). For Beekes, the abundance of Pre-Greek placenames, like e. g. Πέργαμον (Pérgamon), seems to indicate a Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pýr.ɡos/ → /ˈpyr.ɣos/ → /ˈpir.ɣos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pýr.ɡos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpyr.ɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpyr.ɣos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpyr.ɣos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpir.ɣos/

Noun

πῠ́ργος • (púrgos) m (genitive πῠ́ργου); second declension

1. tower, watchtower
2. (in the plural) towered wall
3. the part of the house where women live
4. castle, fortress, bulwark
5. (military) division, column

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ πῠ́ργος; τοῦ πῠ́ργου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πῠ́ργος ho púrgos	τὼ πῠ́ργω tṑ púrgō	οἱ πῠ́ργοι hoi púrgoi
Genitive	τοῦ πῠ́ργου toû púrgou	τοῖν πῠ́ργοιν toîn púrgoin	τῶν πῠ́ργων tôn púrgōn
Dative	τῷ πῠ́ργῳ tôi púrgōi	τοῖν πῠ́ργοιν toîn púrgoin	τοῖς πῠ́ργοις toîs púrgois
Accusative	τὸν πῠ́ργον tòn púrgon	τὼ πῠ́ργω tṑ púrgō	τοὺς πῠ́ργους toùs púrgous
Vocative	πῠ́ργε púrge	πῠ́ργω púrgō	πῠ́ργοι púrgoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• πῠργοφῠ́λᾰξ (purgophúlax)
• Πυργούσσα (Purgoússa)

Descendants

• Greek: πύργος (pýrgos)
• →? Albanian: burg
• →? Late Latin: burgus (see there for further descendants)
• → Turkish: burgaz

Further reading

• “πύργος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πύργος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πύργος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πύργος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• πύργος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “πύργος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G4444 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • belfry idem, page 72.
  • bulwark idem, page 103.
  • defence idem, page 204.
  • harbour idem, page 385.
  • keep idem, page 467.
  • pinnacle idem, page 614.
  • protection idem, page 653.
  • refuge idem, page 685.
  • tower idem, page 884.
  • turret idem, page 902.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpiɾ.ɣos/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: πύρ‧γος

Noun

πύργος • (pýrgos) m (plural πύργοι)

1. tower

   κεντρικός πύργος ― kentrikós pýrgos ― central tower, castle keep

2. (chess) rook

Declension

declension of πύργος

case     \\     number	singular	plural
nominative	πύργος •	πύργοι •
genitive	πύργου •	πύργων •
accusative	πύργο •	πύργους •
vocative	πύργε •	πύργοι •

Derived terms

• ακροπύργιο n (akropýrgio, “castle keep”)

See also

Chess pieces in Greek · πεσσοί (pessoí) (layout · text)
βασιλιάς (vasiliás)	βασίλισσα (vasílissa)	πύργος (pýrgos)	αξιωματικός (axiomatikós), τρελός (trelós)	ίππος (íppos)	στρατιώτης (stratiótis), πιόνι (pióni)