πρίν
See also: πριν
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- πρείν (preín)
Etymology
Appears to be related to πρό (pró), Latin prior, priscus and Lithuanian prie, but the origin is uncertain.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /prín/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /prin/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /prin/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /prin/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /prin/
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /prǐːn/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /prin/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /prin/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /prin/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /prin/
Adverb
πρῐ́ν or πρῑ́ν • (prín or prī́n)
- before, sooner, formerly
- (of future time, with future indicative)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.29
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.283
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.198
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.551
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.117
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.330
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.155
- 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1076
- 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1112
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.800
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.250
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.413
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.254
- (of past time) formerly, once
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.112
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.19
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.827
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.724
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.408
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.54
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.105
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.208
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 443
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.129
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 75E
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 151
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 69
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1224
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.62
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.37
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 547C
- 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 12.114
- 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 15.13
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.43
- 75 CE, Josephus, The Jewish War 1.6.1
- 100 CE – 200 CE, Theodotion, Susanna 42
- 160 CE – 210 CE, Sextus Empiricus, Against the Mathematicians 9.371
- 86 CE – 160 CE, Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander 3.18.6
- 160 CE – 210 CE, Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism 7.162
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Tobit 14.15
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 2 21
- (of future time, with future indicative)
Descendants
- Greek: πριν (prin)
Conjunction
πρῐ́ν or πρῑ́ν • (prín or prī́n)
- before that, before
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.98
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.481
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.475
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.355
- 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 605
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.348
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.453
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.586
- 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 620
- 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Against Alcibiades 17
- 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 61
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 199
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 62C
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Timarchus 10
- 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Against Alcibiades 1
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.2.9
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.9
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.23
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.1.10
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 2.92
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.128
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.219
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.322
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Against the Stepmother for Poisoning 29
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.79
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.104
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.97
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.12
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.1.21
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.4.25
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.288
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.266
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.136
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.165
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.61
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Andocides 11
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panegyricus 19
- 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 128
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, On the Embassy 132
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.23
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.5.1
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 29.26
- (with infinitive)
- (with aorist)
- (after a positive clause)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.172
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.453
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.322
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.210
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.668
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.465
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.245
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 2.92
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.9
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 8.19
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.119
- 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 712
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1539
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 120
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 396
- 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 281
- 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 258
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Murder of Herodes 67
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.125
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.1.7
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 350B
- 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 1069
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 524
- 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 684
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 481
- (after a negative clause)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.98
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.423
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.128
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.747
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1419
- 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Against Alcibiades 8
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Property of Aristophanes 28
- 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac 12
- 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 135
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.38
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Philip 70
- 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 453.6
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 632
- 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 362
- 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 61
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Property of Aristophanes 55
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 94
- 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 605
- 346 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Peace 15
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 4.24
- 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 772
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 769E
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.165
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.9
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.50
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.5.23
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 61A
- (after a positive clause)
- (with present, conveying a sense of continuance)
- 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 702
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1067
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 36
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 20
- 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 577
- 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1095
- 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 380
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 383
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.3
- 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Against Alcibiades 1
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.24
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 666A
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.4.25
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.2.40
- (with perfect)
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 79
- 458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 1069
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.25
- 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1145
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1034
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1156
- 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 375
- 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 322
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1185
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.1.21
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 164C
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 320A
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.116
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.10
- (with aorist)
- (with a finite verb)
- (with indicative, chiefly aorist)
- 7th-6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 357
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.322
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.43
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.437
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.180
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.588
- (after negative clauses)
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 481
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.45
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.132
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.101
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.61
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.79
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 700
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.23
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.13
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.4.58
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 266A
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 12.5
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 86D
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 165E
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Leptines 96
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.5.33
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.51
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.29
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Against the Stepmother for Poisoning 19
- 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Against Alcibiades 17
- 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 61
- (after positive clauses)
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 481
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.118
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 776
- 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 131
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 1173
- 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 1147
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.104
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.39
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.71
- (with subjunctive, after negatives)
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panegyricus 173
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.175
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.135
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.190
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.781
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.374
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.477
- (with aorist, expressing an action preceding the action of the antecedent)
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.117
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.82
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.109
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 756
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 166
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 177
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 909
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 48
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1041
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1529
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 2
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 276
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 680
- 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 1145
- 407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 324
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 19
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 1302
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 920
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 176
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 230
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hiero 6.13
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.2.8
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.1.10
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.7.12
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 228C
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laches 187E
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1529
- 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 704
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 917
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 619
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 742
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 965
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 608
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 946
- 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 849
- 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1218
- 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1357
- 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 629
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.157
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.29
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 62C
- 390 BCE – 322 BCE, Hyperides, In Defence of Euxenippus 4
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.19
- 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 57B
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.10
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against the Corn Dealers 4
- 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panegyricus 16
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Nausimachus and Xenopeithes 24
- (with present, rare)
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1409
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Timarchus 10
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Against the Stepmother for Poisoning 29
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.2.8
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 271C
- (with optative)
- (representing subjective after historical tenses)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.580
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.488
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 551
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.22
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.14
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.5.19
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.2.2
- 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 36C
- (by assimilation)
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 961
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 657
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 126
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 799D
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 505
- (representing subjective after historical tenses)
- (with ἄν (án))
- 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Murder of Herodes 34
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.48
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.4.18
- (without a verb)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.394
- (with indicative, chiefly aorist)
References
- “πρίν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πρίν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πρίν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πρίν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πρίν in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πρίν”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4250 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- before idem, page 69.
- ere idem, page 281.
- erst idem, page 281.
- formerly idem, page 339.
- previously idem, page 639.
- till idem, page 874.
- yore idem, page 997.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN