πλήθω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- with root extension like plebs. Cognates include Latin pleo, Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to fill”) and Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬞𐬁𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (hampāfrāiti).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /plɛ̌ː.tʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈple̝.tʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpli.θo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpli.θo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpli.θo/
Verb
πλήθω • (plḗthō)
- I am or become full, I swell
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1220
- 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 420
- 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Fr. 166
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Herodas, Collected Works 7.84
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 478
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.87
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.492
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.484
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.218
- 630 BCE – 570 BCE, Sappho, Collected Works 3
- 556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Collected Works 142.7
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 22.38
- (transitive, only in later poets)
- 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 3.1392
- 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.564
- Oppian, Cynegetica 1.126
- 300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 6.345
- 300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 14.607
- I go through a period of time (from the filling of the moon)
Usage notes
Intransitive counterpart of πίμπλημῐ (pímplēmi).
Inflection
Present: πλήθω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πλήθω | πλήθεις | πλήθει | πλήθετον | πλήθετον | πλήθομεν | πλήθετε | πλήθουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πλήθω | πλήθῃς | πλήθῃ | πλήθητον | πλήθητον | πλήθωμεν | πλήθητε | πλήθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πλήθοιμῐ | πλήθοις | πλήθοι | πλήθοιτον | πληθοίτην | πλήθοιμεν | πλήθοιτε | πλήθοιεν | |||||
imperative | πλῆθε | πληθέτω | πλήθετον | πληθέτων | πλήθετε | πληθόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πλήθειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πλήθων | |||||||||||
f | πλήθουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | πλῆθον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔπληθον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπληθον | ἔπληθες | ἔπληθε(ν) | ἐπλήθετον | ἐπληθέτην | ἐπλήθομεν | ἐπλήθετε | ἔπληθον | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: πέπληθᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πέπληθᾰ | πέπληθᾰς | πέπληθε(ν) | πεπλήθᾰτον | πεπλήθᾰτον | πεπλήθᾰμεν | πεπλήθᾰτε | πεπλήθᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πεπλήθω | πεπλήθῃς | πεπλήθῃ | πεπλήθητον | πεπλήθητον | πεπλήθωμεν | πεπλήθητε | πεπλήθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πεπλήθοιμῐ, πεπληθοίην | πεπλήθοις, πεπληθοίης | πεπλήθοι, πεπληθοίη | πεπλήθοιτον | πεπληθοίτην | πεπλήθοιμεν | πεπλήθοιτε | πεπλήθοιεν | |||||
imperative | πέπληθε | πεπληθέτω | πεπλήθετον | πεπληθέτων | πεπλήθετε | πεπληθόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πεπληθέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πεπληθώς | |||||||||||
f | πεπληθυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | πεπληθός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἐπεπλήθειν
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεπλήθειν, ἐπεπλήθη | ἐπεπλήθεις, ἐπεπλήθης | ἐπεπλήθει(ν) | ἐπεπλήθετον | ἐπεπληθέτην | ἐπεπλήθεμεν | ἐπεπλήθετε | ἐπεπλήθεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἀνᾰπλήθω (anaplḗthō)
- ἐμπλήθομαι (emplḗthomai)
- περιπλήθω (periplḗthō)
Related terms
- πλῆθος (plêthos)
- πληθύνω (plēthúnō)
- πληθύς (plēthús)
- πληθύω (plēthúō)
Descendants
- English: Plethon
Further reading
- “πλήθω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πλήθω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πλήθω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πλήθω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- πλήθω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πλήθω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4130 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible